forever1sMETHODS OF PHIL-WPS Office.pptx

This ppt will help you learn methods of philosophizing

1. METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Group member : Edelisa C. Dela Cruz Eithel D. Peggaro James D. Darasin

2. WHAT IS METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING? Methods of philosophizing are the various approaches used to explore philosophical questions, seek truth, and develop philosophical arguments.

3. Here, we are going to explore some of the methods of philosophizing that philosophers employ. According to wilber (2006) Think wisdom as the summit of the mountain with different paths to get there. We are going to the study the different paths to wisdom the philosophers offer. This methods of philosophizing used by philosophers to understand truth and develop wisdom. It focuses on five main methods:

4. 1. Dialectic Method – Developed by Socrates, this method uses disciplined conversation and questioning to uncover truth and expose contradictions in one’s beliefs. Socrates Uses disciplined conversation to uncover the truth. It involves asking questions to expose contradictions in one’s beliefs, helping individuals reach clearer understanding.

5. GEORGE HEGEL The methods start with eliciting the definition of a certain word from a person who appreciate to be
familiar ( or "pretends" to be familiar ) with it's meaning. According to hegel, the spirit changes through dialect. First, there is an idea about the world (much like a thesis), which has a natural characteristic of having errors which give rise to the antithesis.

6. To hegel, society and culture follow this design, and one could understand all of human history without the use of logic or empirical data simply by using logic (Klein, 2013).

7. 2. Pragmatic Method – Founded by thinkers like Charles Pierce and John Dewey, it emphasizes the practical outcomes of beliefs in real-life situations. John Dewey (1859–1952) was a key figure in the development of the pragmatic method of philosophy. He believed philosophy should focus on solving real-life problems and be judged by its practical results. Dewey emphasized that beliefs are valuable only if they lead to successful outcomes, and truth is verified through experience. John Dewey

8. 01 02 03 3. The phenomenological Methods The phenomenological methods was convinced by Edmund Husserl (born in 1959), one of the greatest intellethect of the 19th century. – Introduced by Edmund Husserl, it focuses on examining personal experience while setting aside biases to discover pure, immediate truths.

9. Edmund Husserl His ideas and methods influenced the thoughts of some of the 20th
century philosophical giants.

10. 4. Primary and Secondary Reflection – Developed by Gabriel Marcel, this method explores how reflection leads to self-understanding, especially during life disruptions Another influential intellectual movement which had its roots in the 19th century ideas of soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was existentialism.

11. Gabriel Marcel Marcel identified two levels of reflection : primary reflection and secondary reflection. Marcel applied these two levels of reflection to the most fundamental question: "Who am I?"

12. 5. The Analytic Method – Advanced by philosophers like Wittgenstein, it analyzes language use in everyday life to clarify meaning and remove confusion. Another reaction to Hegelian system building philosophy is the analytic approach initiated by philosophers at Cambridge University (England ): George Edward Moore(1873-1958), Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) and Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951).

13. Ludwig Wittgenstein (also Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore) Ludwig Wittgenstein was an influential philosopher associated with the analytic method. He focused on how language shapes thought and emphasized that philosophy should aim to clarify thoughts logically. Rather than creating new philosophical systems, Wittgenstein sought to understand how words are used in everyday language to resolve confusion in philosophical problems.

14. 1 Whole sheet of paper Differentiate the 5 methods of philosophizing. (500 words)