FORMATION OF HEAVIER ELEMENTS.pptx by FRICIAN BERNADETTE M. MUYCO

FORMATION OF HEAVY ELEMENTS

1. FORMATION OF HEAVIER ELEMENTS By: FRICIAN BERNADETTE M. MUYCO

2. PRE-TEST When was the light elements were form? a. During stellar nucleosynthesis b. During Big Bang c. During Nuclear fusion d. None of these

3. 2. Which of the following is the lightest element? a. oxygen b. lithium c. hydrogen d. helium

4. 3. When was the heavier elements were formed? a. After the explosion b. After the formation of the stars c. Before expansion d. None of these

5. At the end of the lesson, you are able to: Explain stellar nucleosynthesis; Describe the different stages of life cycle of stars; Cite the different heavy elements formed in each stages of star cycle; Describe how heavier elements formed during stellar nucleosynthesis and evolution.

6. NAME THIS RIDDLE? At night they come without being fetched, and by day they are lost without being stolen? What am I?

7. 2. What did the scientist say when he found 2 atoms of Helium? What am I? 3. When two light become one, I liberate quite a bit of nuclear energy. What am I?

8. Are you familiar with the Big Bang Theory?

9. Big Bang means Expansion The big bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began. It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now —and it is still stretching!

10. Right after Big Bang, protons and neutrons combined together and formed light elements Hydrogen and Helium in the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis . Other light elements such as Lithium and Beryllium were also formed during this process.

11. What is Stellar Nucleosynthesis? Stellar – means star The formation of elements in the center of the star is called stellar nucleosynthesis .

12. LET’S DO AN ACTIVITY!

13. PIECES OF EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE BIG BANG THEORY

14. 1. OCCURRENCE OF REDSHIFT VESTO SLIPHER and CARL WILHELM WIRTZ – In 1910, they measured the wavelengths of light from spiral nebulae, which are interstellar clouds of dust and ionized gases. - They explained their discovery as a Doppler Shift or Doppler Effect.

15. DOPPLER EFFECT Explains that when an object gets closer to us, its light waves are compressed into shorter wavelengths. On the other hand, when an object moves away from us, its light waves are stretched into longer wavelengths.

16. SLIPHER and WIRTZ then explained that the redshift or increase in wavelength was due to the increase in the distance between the Earth and the nebulae. They concluded that the redshift occurred due to the expansion of space.

17. 2 . COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION ROBERT WILSON and ARNO PENZIAS discovered a low, steady “hum” from their Holmdel Horn Antenna ( an antenna built to support NASA’s Project echo) They concluded that the noise is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) , the remains of energy created after the Big Bang Expansion.

18. 3. ABUNDACE OF LIGHT ELEMENTS The Theory predicts that the universe is composed of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium by mass. The prediction correlated to the measured abundances of primordial material in unprocessed gas in some parts of the universe with no stars.

19. EVALUATION Match the terms in column A with its description in Column B _ _______1. Alpha ladder process ________2. Big bang nucleosynthesis ________3. CNO cycle ________4. Neutron capture ________5. Proton- proton chain ________6. R- process ________7. S- process ________8. Stellar Nucleosynthesis ________9.Supernova Nucleosynthesis _______10. Tri alpha process a. ) There is faster rate of capturing neutron before it undergoes radioactive decay b. ) Nuclear fusion that happens in red super giant star and creates more heavy elements until Iron. c. ) Happens when there is a slow rate of capturing neutron while there is a faster rate of radioactive decay d. ) Process wherein light elements such as Helium and Hydrogen F orm. e. ) This is how three Helium-4 is converted into Carbon in red giant star f. ) A process where elements heavier than Iron are formed. g. ) Nuclear fusion reaction where Hydrogen is converted to Helium h. ) Addition of neutron to form heavier nuclei i . ) Process by which elements are created within the star j. ) This happens in massive star which convert Hydrogen into Helium.

20. Read the paragraph then fill in the blanks with the correct word/s. It all starts with 1. ____________, cloud of gas and dust particle in outer space. Due to the force of gravity, the 2. ____________ gas is pulled together and eventually became a protostar. Nebular fusion occurs at the center of the protostar and becomes stable. During this time, hydrogen is converted into 3. _____________ forming main sequence star. The size of the star can be average or massive. A massive main sequence star that runs out of hydrogen fuel will begin to expand and cool down. This is 4. ________________, the biggest star in the universe. The red super giant continues to fuse with heavy elements and stops when 5. ___________ is converted in the core of the star. At this point, red super giant will become a supernova after hundreds of years.

21. Now, you have learned how stars are formed and evolve from one stage to another and its connection with heavy elements from Carbon through Iron. There are many processes that stars have to undergo before they evolve from one stage to another. For your next task, you will write a story which relates the events of your life from past, present and future to the life cycle of a star. Use also those elements which could symbolize something or anything in your story. (Use another sheet of paper for this task). _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________

22. On this activity, you will see a star with the topic written on its center. Fill out the parts of the stars with all the concepts you have learned in the lesson. 1 4 3 2 5 6 7