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1. ORAL COMMUNICATION WEEK 4-QUARTER 2 Principles of Effective Speech Writing

2. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on: Audience profile Logical organization Duration Word choice Grammatical correctness

3. OBJECTIVES identify the principles of effective speech writing; reflect on the importance of the principles of effective speech writing in making a speech; and compose a speech applying the principles of effective speech writing

4. ANALYSIS 1. Why is it important to analyze the audience profile before writing a speech? 2. If you are going to write a speech about the utilization of social media platforms and artificial intelligence in the learning continuity of students like you, what are the possible points that you will tackle in the body of your speech? Give at least three (3) main points.

5. SPEECH WRITING PROCESS Just like events planning, or any other activities, writing an effective speech follows certain steps or processes. The process for writing is not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That means you can repeat a writing procedure indefinitely or produce multiple drafts first before you can settle on the right one.

6. ABSTRACTION A good speech requires days or even weeks of preparation depending on the topic and the availability of materials needed. While many are expert enough to compose their speech a night before they deliver it, seldom that it became very successful for a beginner writer. For this reason, careful planning is important to come up with a well-written speech.

7. Fig.1 Speech Writing Process

8. PRINCIPLES IN EFFECTIVE SPEECH WRITING

9. When planning for writing your speech, you should consider the following principles: Audience Profile Logical Organization Duration Word Choice Grammatical Correctness

10. 1.AUDIENCE PROFILE Knowing your audience specifically their: DEMOGRAPHY (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or corporate designations) SITUATION (time, venue, occasion, and size) PSYCHOLOGY (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and needs.

11. 2. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION Once you have already analyzed your target audience, the next part is to organize your speech manuscript . The logical organization or arrangement of thoughts when it comes to speech writing can be defined as all aspects of your writing that help the reader move smoothly from one sentence to the next, and from one paragraph to another . Thus, carefully planning the content of your speech is also necessary. Written Speech Introduction Body Conclusion

12. The introduction is the most crucial part of the speech. It is generally only 10 to 15 percent of the time the speaker spends speaking. According to Wrench (2012), a good introduction serves five functions: (1) gain audience attention and interest, (2) states the purpose of your speech, (3) establishes your credibility, (4) provide reasons for your audience to listen, and (5) preview the main idea of your speech. Written Speech Introduction Body Conclusion 2. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION

13. Strategies in Writing Introduction Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject. Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject. Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means. Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject. Tell a personal story to illustrate your point. Written Speech Introduction Body Conclusion 2. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION

14. The body of the speech is the core part of the speech that addresses the main ideas and principles of the speech. It consists of the main points. This is presented using methods of organization (Flores 2016). Problem-Solution Order Categorical/Topical Order Chronological Order Comparison and Contrast Order Spatial/Geographical Order Causal Order Written Speech Introduction Body Conclusion 2. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION

15. METHODS OF ORGANIZATION Problem-Solution Order - It explains the problem and suggests a possible solution.   Example : Cleaning up Laguna de Bay      Categorical/Topical Order - It divides the topic into subtopics based on the importance or interest value or simply because the topic requires it.   Example : Importance of promoting the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle  program Problem-Solution Order Categorical/Topical Order Chronological Order Comparison and Contrast Order Spatial/Geographical Order Causal Order

16. Chronological Order - A historical or time approach which is from the past to the present. It presents idea in time order.   Example : The significant development of the province of Laguna from   Spanish period to present.    Comparison and Contrast Order - It presents comparison and contrast of two or three points.   Example : Comparison between living in the city and life in the province.   Problem-Solution Order Categorical/Topical Order Chronological Order Comparison and Contrast Order Spatial/Geographical Order Causal Order METHODS OF ORGANIZATION

17. Spatial/Geographical Order - Going from one place to another, from one direction to another  Example : Traveling around the wonders of Batanes islands    Causal Order- it involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue. Example: The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay. Problem-Solution Order Categorical/Topical Order Chronological Order Comparison and Contrast Order Spatial/Geographical Order Causal Order METHODS OF ORGANIZATION

18. TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Comparison Contrast Emphasis Example or illustration Summary or conclusion Addition Time sequence

19.  The conclusion functions as the summarizer of the entire speech. The conclusion should be written using different strategies (Tandoc, 2016).  Present a summary  Repeat the key ideas presented  Repeat the central idea for emphasis  Go back to the strategy used in the introduction  Signal the end of your speech  End with an impact  Thought-provoking questions  Humor  Quotation  A call for action  A connection to a larger context  Written Speech Introduction Body Conclusion 2. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION

20. 3. DURATION No matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five parts : an introduction , the body (paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and paragraph 4) and a conclusion . This format is adaptable to a speech of almost any length. By doing this, you can monitor the time and length of your speech or the so-called Duration. Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to 20 minutes. ( GrayGrant , 2017). Introduction: 2 minutes (250 words) Body: Point 1: 5 minutes (625 words) Point 2: 5 minutes (625 words) Point 3: 5 minutes (625 words) Conclusion: 3 minutes (375 words) Total word count: 2,500 words (20 minutes)

21. 5. GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS Using correct grammar when you give a speech is important to prevent misunderstanding and misinterpretation between you and the audience. Grammar inconsistencies slow down the communication process and generate negative impressions for the audience, as your ideas and thoughts are not clear and coherently conveyed. Good command of the language helps listeners understand you quickly.

22. GUIDELINES IN SPEECH WRITING

23. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your audience, not read. 2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse your audience. 3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take care not to overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your audience, use the personal pronoun “we.”

24. 4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and conversational tone of your speech. 5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and nonverbal cues. 6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point. 7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.

25. APPLICATION Format for the written draft: Hook: ______________________ Main point: _________________ Support 1: __________________ Reasons: ___________________ Support 2: __________________ Reasons: ___________________ Support 1: __________________ Reasons: ___________________ Ending statement or memorable closing: ____________________

26. Rubric for the Speech Outline

27. APPLICATION – Day 3 Situation: You are invited by your previous school to have a short talk about some of the issues or relevant topics nowadays. The short talk will be addressed to your fellow youth and has a goal of informing them about some relevant and timely topics or issues. Prior to that, you must prepare a well-organized and engaging written speech . Remember to use the principles of effective speech writing such as audience profile, logical organization, duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness. Note: Students must use their written draft as a guide.