FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

1. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF VARIOUS COSMETIC PRODUCTS DONE BY S.MUTHUKUMAR ABARAJITHA.T ASSISTANT PROF IV TH B.PHARM KMCH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2. COSMETICS DEFINITION THE TERM COSMETICS HAVE BEEN DERIVED FROM THE TERM “COSMETIKOS” WHICH MEANS THE SKILL TO DECORATE .THUS IT THE ART OF LOOKING BEAUTIFUL . ACCORDING TO D AND C ACT :- IT MEANS ANY ARTICLES TO BE RUBBED ,POURED ,SPRINKLED OR SPRAYED ON OR INTRODUCED INTO OTHERWISE APPLIED TO ANY PART OF THE HUMAN BODY FOR CLEANSING ,BEAUTIFYING ,PROMOTING ATTRACTIVENESS OR ALTERING APPEARANCE AND INCLUDE ANY ARTICLE INTENTED FOR USE AS A COMPONENT OF COSMETIC . SOAP IS NOT COVERED UNDER THE COSMETIC PRODUCT.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF COSMETICS COSMETICS SKIN HAIR NAIL HYGIENIC POWDERS ,COMPACTS :- HAIR REMOVER :- LACQUER, DENTAL FACE POWDER,BODY POWDER, DEPILAORIES, LACQUER PREPARATIONS PRICKLY HEAT POWDER EPILATORIES,SHAVING PREP. REMOVER , CREAMS :- SHAMPOOS :- NAIL POLISH , VANISHING CREAM, DYES,HAIR LOTION CUTICLE COLD CREAM DANDRUFF SOLUTION REMOVERS LOTIONS :- EYELASHES PREPARATION:- BODY LOTION, MASCARAS,EYEBROW PENCILE ASTRINGENT LOTION COLOURANTS :- LIPSTICK,ROUGES

4. COSMETICS FOR SKIN CREAMS LOTIONS POWDERS SKIN COLORANTS

5. CREAMS THESE ARE THE SOLID OR SEMISOLID PREPARATION WHICH IS EITHER A O/W OR W/O TYPE EMULSION. TYPES OF CREAMS:- CLEANSING CREAMS NIGHT AND MASSAGE CREAM FOUNDATION CREAM VANISHING CREAM COLD CREAM HAND AND BODY CREAM ALL PURPOSE CREAM

6. CLEANSING CREAM CLEANSING CREAM IS REQUIRED FOR REMOVAL OF FACIAL MAKE UP ,SURFACE GRIME ,OIL ,WATER SOLUBLE OIL EFFICIENTY MAINLY FROM FACE AND THROAT. IDEAL PROPERTIES OF CLEANSING CREAM:- BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY REMOVE OIL SOLUBE AND WATER SOLUBLE OIL ,SURFACE OIL FROM SKIN. SHOULD BE STABLE AND HAVE GOOD APPEARANCE. SHOULD MELT OR SOFTEN ON APPLICATION TO THE SKIN. SHOULD SPREAD EASILY WITHOUT TOO MUCH OF DRAG. ITS PHYSICAL ACTION ON SKIN AND PORE OPENINGS SHOULD BE THAT OF FLUSHING RATHER THAN ABSORPTION.

7. COLD CREAM COOLING EFFECT IS PRODUCED DUE TO SLOW EVAPORATION OF THE WATER CONTAINED IN THE FORMULATION. THESE ARE W/O TYPE. FORMULATTION:- BEES WAX 2g BORAX 2g ALMOND OIL 50ml ROSE WATER 35.5ml LANOLIN 0.5g PRESERVATIVES AND PERFUME q.s .

8. Night and massage cream THESE ARE GENERALLY APPPLIED AND LEFT FOR SEVERAL HOURS SAY OVERNIGHT AND ASSIT IN THE REPAIR OF SKIN WHICH HAS BEEN DAMAGED BY EXPOSURE TO DETERGENT SOLUTION OR SOAPS OR VARIOUS ELEMENTS. THIS CREAM GIVE BETTER LOOK TO THE SKIN AND PREVENT DRYNESS. FORMULATTION:- MINERAL OIL 38g BORAX 1g PETROLEUM JELLY 8g WATER 35ml WHITE BEES WAX 15g PARAFFIN WAX 1g LANOLIN 2g PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVE q.s .

9. VANISHING CREAM THESE ARE NAMED SO THEY SEEM TO VANISH WHEN APPLIED TO THE SKIN . HIGH QUALITY OF STEARIC ACID AS OIL PHASE IS USED . THIS PROVIDES AN OIL PHASE WHICH MELTS ABOVE BODY TEMPERATURE AND CRYSTALLISES IN A SUITABLE FORM, SO AS INVISIBLE IN USE AND GIVE A NON GREASY FLIM. FORMULATTION:- STEARIC ACID 15g POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 0.5g SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.18g CETYL ALCOHOL 0.5g PROPYLENE GLYCOL 3g GLYCERIN 5g WATER 75.82ml PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVES q.s .

10. Foundation cream APPLIED TO SKIN TO PROVIDE A SMOOTH EMOLLIENT BASE OR FOUNDATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF FACE POWDER AND OTHER MAKE UP PPREPARATIONS. THEY HELP THE POWDER TO ADHERE TO SKIN. THEY ARE ALMOST O/W TYPE. TYPES :- PIGMENTED UNPIGMENTED

11. FOUNDATION CREAM FORMULATTION:- LANOLIN 2g PROPYLENE GLYCOL 8g CETYL ALCOHOL 0.5g STEARIC ACID 10g POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 0.4g WATER 79.10ml PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVE q.s .

12. HAND AND BODY CREAM THE REPEATED OR CONSTANT CONTACT WITH SOAP AND DETERGENT DAMAGES AND REMOVES FILM OF SEBUM THUS THIS CREAM IS USED IMPACT FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS TO THE SKIN. THE FUNCTION OF THESE CREAMS ARE 1] LIQUID CREAM -CONSISTENCY IS OF LIQUID NATURE. 2] SOLID CREAM -CONSISTENCY IS HIGHER. 3] NONAQEOUS TYPE –NOT CONTAINING ANY AQUEOUS MEDIUM.

13. Hand and body cream FORMULATTION:- ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE 4g MINERAL OIL 2ml STEARIC ACID 3ml EMULSIFYING WAX 0.275g LANOLIN 2.5g GLYCERIN 3ml TRIETHANLOAMINE 1g WATER 84.225ml PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVES q.s .

14. All purpose creams ALL PURPOSE MEANS IT IS SUITABLE FOR HANDS ,FACE AND BODY. THEY ARE W/O TYPE. FORMULATTION:- OIL PHASE:- WATER PHASE:- MINERAL OIL 18% WATER 61.3% LANOLIN 2% GLYCEROL 5% PETROLEUM JELLY 2% MAGNESIUM OZOKERITE 7% SULPHATE 0.2% PARAFFIN WAX 3% PERFUME q.s

15. LOTIONS CLEANSING LOTION SUNSCREEN LOTION

16. CLEANSING LOTION FORMULATION:- MINERAL OIL 38% BEES WAX 2% TRIETHANOLAMINE STEARATE 8% WATER 100% PRESERVATIVES AND PERFUME q.s . TRIETHANOL AMINE DISCOLOURS ON STANDING SO IT SHOULD BE MADE IN SITU USING CALCULATED AMOUNT OF STEARIC ACID AND TRIETHANOLAMINE . O/W LOTION HAVE TENDENCY TO INCREASE IN VISCOSITY WITH AGEING [THIS IS PREVENTED BY USING ETHOXYLATED CHOLESTROL] .

17. SUNSCREEN LOTION THESE LOTIONS HAVE PROPERTY OF THE SKIN FROM SUN BURNING. IDEAL PROPERTIES:- ABSORB LIGHT OVER THE RANGE OF 200-400 nm. BE STABLE TO HEAT ,LIGHT AND PERSPIRATION. BE NONTOXIC AND NONIRRITANT . NOT BE RAPIDLY ABSORBED. BE NEUTRAL. BE READILY SOLUBLE IN SUITABLE VEHICLES.

18. SUNSCREEN LOTION FORMULATTION:- GLYCERYL PARAAMINO BENZOATE 3% GLYCERIN 5% ALCOHOL 10% METHYL CELLULOSE 0.5% WATER q.s .

19. powders THERE ARE CATEGORIZED AS FACE POWDER ,BODY POWDER AND COMPACTS. IDEAL PROPERTIES:- MUST HAVE GOOD COVERING POWER SO HIDE SKIN BLEMISHES. SHOULD ADHERE PERFECTLY TO THE SKIN AND NOT BLOW OFF EASILY. MUST HAVE ABSORBENT PROPERTY. MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT SLIP TO ENABLE THE POWDER TO SPREAD ON THE SKIN BY THE PUFF. THE FINISH GIVEN TO THE SKIN MUST BE PREFERABLY OF A MATTER OR PEACH LIKE CHARACTER.

20. FACE POWDER TYPES OF FACE POWDER:- LOOSE FACE POWDER COMPACT FACE POWDER TALCUM POWDER BABY POWDER

21. LOOSE POWDER THE ESSENTIAL FEATURE OF A GOOD FACE POWDER INCLUDES COVERING POWDER ,SLIP ,ADHESIVENESS ,ABSORBENCY ,BLOOM ,COLOURING ,PERFUMING. TYPES:- LIGHT TYPE MEDIUM TYPE HEAVY TYPE

22. LIGHT POWDER FORMULATION:- TALC 63g KAOLIN 20g CALCIUM CARBONATE 5g ZINC OXIDE 5g ZINC STEARATE 5g MAGNESIUM CARBONATE 1g COLOUR 0.5ml PERFUME 0.5g

23. medium POWDER FORMULATION:- TALC 39.7g KAOLIN 39.5g CALCIUM CARBONATE 5g ZINC OXIDE 7g ZINC STEARATE 7g MAGNESIUM CARBONATE 1g COLOUR 0.2ml PERFUME 0.6g

24. heavy POWDER FORMULATION:- TALC 20g KAOLIN 20g CALCIUM CARBONATE 39g ZINC OXIDE 15g MAGNESIUM STEARATE 5g COLOUR 0.5ml PERFUME 0.5g

25. Compact face powder IT IS A DRY POWDER WHICH HAS BEEN COMPRESSED INTO A CAKE . THE PRESSURE FOR COMPACTION IS VERY IMPORTANT . THE POWDER MUST COME OFF EASILY WHEN RUBBED WITH PUFF.

26. TYPES OF BINDER DRY BINDER:- ZINC STEARATE ,MAGNESIUM STEARATE. OIL BINDER [WATER REPELLENT]:- MINERAL OIL,ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE LANOLIN DERIVATIVE. WATER SOLUBLE BINDER:- POLYVINYL PYROLLIDONE,CMC,CELLULOSE, ACACIA, TRAGACANTH. EMULSION BINDER:- TRIETHANOLAMINE STEARATE ,GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE.

27. TALCUM POWDER IT IS USED AS AN ADSORBENT FOR MAKING THE SKIN FROM THE EXCESS MOITURE. LIGHT MAGNESIUM CARBONATE ADDED TO MIX PERFUME. FORMULATION:- ZINC OXIDE 50% ZINC STEARATE 50% CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE 3% LIGHT MAGNESIUM CARBONATE q.s TALC 79.9% PERFUME 0.2%

28. BODY POWDER IT CONSISTS OF MAINLY TALC WITH SMALL PORTION OF A METALLIC STEARATE ,PRECIPITATED CHALK AND MAGNESIUM CARBONATE. TALCUM OR BODY POWDERS CONTAINING ANTISEPTIC SUBSTANCES ARE ALSO USED FOR PRICKLY HEAT AND FUNGUS INJECTIONS. BORIC ACID ACT AS ANTISEPTIC. FORMULATION:- TALC 75g COLLOIDAL KAOLIN 10g COLLOIDAL SILICA 5g MAGNESIUM CARBONATE 5g ALUMINIUM STEARATE 4g BORIC ACID 0.3g PERFUME 0.7g

29. SKIN COLORANTS LIPSTICKS , ROUGES

30. LIPSTICKS THESE ARE BASICALLY DISPERSIONS OF COLORING MATTER IN A BASE CONISTING OF A SUITABLE BLENT OF OILS ,FATS AND WAXES SUITABLY PERFUMED AND FLAVORED MOLDED IN THE FORM OF A STICK . IDEAL CHARACTERS:- SHOULD COVER THE LIPS ADEQUATELY WITH SOME GLOSS AND LAST FOR LONG TIME. IT SHOULD MAKE THE LIPS SOFT. THE FILM MUST ADHERE FIRMLY TO THE LIPS WITHOUT BEING BRITTLE AND TACHY. SHOULD HAVE HIGH RETENTION OF COLOR INTENSITY WITHOUT CHANGE IN SHADE. SHOULD BE COMPLETELY FREE FROM GRITTINESS AND FREE FROM DRYING. NONIRRITATING TO THE LIPS. DESIRABLE DEGREE OF PLASTICITY AND HAVE A PLEASANT ODOUR AND FAVOUR.

31. TYPES OF LIPSTICKS TRANSPARENT LIPSTICK LIQUID LIPSTICK LIP ROUGE LIP JELLY LIP SALVE LIP GLOSSES

32. LIPSTICKS A TYPICAL FORMULATION OF LIPSTICK:- CASTOR OIL 54g LANOLIN [ANHYDROUS] 11g CANDEILLA WAX 9g ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE 8g WHITE BEESWAX 5g CARNAUBA 3g OZOKERITE WAX 3g EOSIN 2g LAKES 5g ANTIOXIDANT AND PRESERVETIVES q.s .

33. Skin rouge THESE ARE THE COSMETIC PREPARATIONS USED TO APPLY A COLOUR TO THE CHEEKS . THE COLOUR MAY VARY FROM THE PALEST OF PINKS TO THE DEEP BLUE REDS. THE TINT OR COLOUR MAY BE ACHIEVED USING WATER INSOLUBLE COLOUR SUCH AS IRON OXIDES AND CERTAIN ORGANIC PIGMENTS OR BY USING WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC COLOURS WHICH ACTUALLY STAIN THE SKIN.

34. TYPES OF ROUGES POWDER ROUGES WAX BASED ROUGES [STICK ROUGE] EMULSION CREAM ROUGES LIQUID ROUGES

35. POWDER ROUGES FORMULATION:- TALC 40% ZINC OXIDE 10% MAGNESIUM CARBONATE 20% PIGMENT 14% LANOLIN 30% PERFUME 2%

36. STICK ROUGE FORMULATION:- CARNAUBA WAX 3% CANDELILLA 6% OZOKERITE 1.5% BEES WAX 10% HEXADECYL STEARATE 10% ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE 8% CASTOR OIL 65% BHA 0.02% COLOUR 5%

37. EMULSION CREAM ROUGE FORMULATION:- STEARIC ACID 15% POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 0.5% SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.18% GLYCERIN 8% WATER 76% PIGMENT ,PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVE q.s .

38. Liquid rouge FORMULATION:- ISO STEARIC ACID 0.02% MINERAL OIL 30% ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE 5% COLLOIDAL SILICA 1% COLOUR 3%

39. ANTIPERSPIRANTS ALUMINIUM CHLORHYDRATE USED WHICH HAS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ASTRINGENT ACTION . ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE AND ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS ARE ALSO USED AS ANTIPERSPIRANTS.

40. DEODORANTS FORMULATION:- HEXACHLOROPHENE TETRA METHYL TRIURAM DISULPHIDE BITHIONOL BROMOSALICYLANILIDE DIAPHENE NEOMYCIN [ANTIBIOTIC] AMBERLITE [ION EXCHANGE RESIN] 1,3 DIKETONES [METAL CHELATES USED WITH CHELATE COPPER ,ALUMINIUM ,MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS]

41. COSMETICS FOR HAIR SHAMPOOS HAIR TONICS AND CONDITIONERS HAIR COLORANTS AND HAIR COLOR REMOVER HAIR GROOMING PREPARATIONS DEPILATORY AND EPILATORY SHAVING SOAPS AND CREAMS HAIR WAVE SETS AND LACQUERS ,RINSES

42. SHAMPOO IDEAL PROPERTIES MUST EFFECTIVELY AND COMPLETELY REMOVE THE DUST ,EXCESSIVE SEBAM. SHOULD EFFECTIVELY WASH HAIR . SHOULD PRODUCE A GOOD AMOUNT OF FOAM . THE SHAMPOO MUST BE EASILY REMOVED BY RINSING WITH WATER. SHOULD LEAVE THE HAIR NON DRY ,SOFT ,LUSTROUS WITH GOOD , MANAGEABILITY . MUST IMPACT A PLEASANT FRANGRACE TO THE HAIR . MUST NOT MAKE THE HND ROUGH AND CHAPPED . SHOULD NOT HAVE SIDE EFFECTS OR CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN OR EYE .

43. COMPOSITION OF SHAMPOO:- PRINCIPLE SURFACTANT [ANIONIC TYPE ] NON IONIC SURFACTANT HAS SUFFICIENT CLEANSING PROPERTY BUT HAVE LOW FOAMING POWER .CATIONIC ARE TOXIC .SO ANIONIC ARE PREFERRED. SECONDARY SURFACTANT [ANIONIC OR AMPHOLYTIC DETERGENT] THEY MODIFY DETERGENT AND SURFACTANT PROPERTIES OF PRINCILPE SURFACTANT . ANTIDANDRUFF AGENTS [SELENIUM ,CADMIUM SULFIDE ,ZPTO] CONDITIONING AGENTS [LANOLIN ,OIL ,HERBAL EXTRACT ,EGG ,AMINO ACIDS] PEARLESCENT AGENTS [SUBSTITUTED 4 METHYL COUMARINS ] SEQUESTRANTS [EDTA] ADDED BECAUSE Ca ,Mg SOAPS ARE PRESENT IN HARD WATER .SOAPS CAUSE DULLNESS BY DEPOSITION OF Ca ,Mg SOAPS ON HAIR SHAFT . THIS PREVENTED BY EDTA . THIKENING AGENTS [ALGINATES ,PVA ,MA] COLORS ,PERFUMES AND PRESERVATIVES .

44. TYPES OF SHAMPOO LIQUID CREAM SHAMPOO SOLID CREAM AND GEL SHAMPOO POWDER SHAMPOO ANTIDANDRUFF SHAMPOO AEROSOL FOAM SHAMPOO

45. FORMULATION OF SHAMPOO LIQUID CREAM SHAMPOO :- SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATES [30%] POLY ETHELENE GLYCOL 400 DISTEARATE MAGNESIUM STEARATE NINOL AB 21 OLEYL ALCOHOL DISTILLED WATER PERFUME PEG 400 DISTEARATE AND MAGNESIUM STEARATE ARE USED TO CONVERT CLEAR LIQUID SHAMPOO TO LIQUID CREAM SHAMPOO.

46. sOLID CREAM SHAMPOO SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE 20% COCONUT MONOETHALAMIDE 1% PROPYLLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE 2% STEARIC ACID 5% SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.75% WATER ,PERFUME AND COLOUR q.s .

47. Powder shampoo HENNA POWDER 5g BORAX 15g SODIUM CARBONATE 25g POTASSIUM CARBONATE 5g SOAP POWDER 50g PERFUME q.s .

48. Antidandruff shampoo SELENIUM DIDISULPHIDE 2.5g BENTONITE 5g SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE 40g WATER 52.2g PERFUME q.s .

49. Aerosol shampoo SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE 30% TRIETHANOLAMINE LAURYL STEARATE 5% POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARATE 3% PERFUME 0.3% WATER q.s . 90 PARTS OF ABOVE PACKED WITH 2 PARTS OF PROPELLENT 12 AND 8 PARTS OF PROPELLENT 14.

50. CONDITIONERS THESE ARE THE PREPARATION USED AFTER SHAMPOOING TO RENDER THE HAIR MORE LUSTROUS ,EASY TO COMB AMD FREE FROM STATIC ELECTRICITY WHEN DRY . CONDITIONERS ARE USUALLY BASED ON CATIONIC DETERGENTS AND FATTY MATERIALS LIKE LANOLIN OR MINERAL OIL .

51. HAIR COLORANTS THESE ARE USED EITHER TO HIDE GRAY OR TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE HAIR . IDEAL PROPERTIES OF HAIR DYES:- SHOULD BE NONTOXIC TO THE SKIN AND HAIR . SHOULD NOT IMPAIR NATURAL GLOSS AND TEXTURE . SHOULD NOT BE A DERMATITIC SENSITIZER . THE COLOR IMPARTED MUST BE STABLE TO AIR ,LIGHT , WATER AND SHAMPOO. SHOULD BE EASY TO APPLY.

52. TYPES OF HAIR DYES VEGETABLE DYE :- EXAMPLE : HENNA METALLIC DYE :- EXAMPLE : LEAD DYES ,BISMUTH DYE ,SILVER DYE ,COPPER , NICKEL ,COBALT SALTS . FORMULATION OF LEAD DYES :- PRECIPITATION SULPHUR 1.3% LEAD ACETATE 1.6% GLYCERINE 9.6% ROSE WATER 87.5% SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DYE :- TWO TYPES :- 1] SEMIPERMANENT DYE –THYOGLYCOLIC ACID 50%, AMMONIA SOLUTION 100% OF pH 9.2 . 2] PERMANENT DYE --PARAPHENYLENE DIAMINE DYE.

53. HAIR DYE REMOVER FORMAMIDINE SULFINIC ACID 1.5% POLYVINYL PYRROLIDINE 5% ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER 5% AMMONIUM CARBONATE 1% AMMONIA 0.5% CMC 2.5% WATER q.s . FORMAMIDINE SULFINIC ACID IS ACTING AS HAIR DYE REMOVER.

54. HAIR GROOMING AIDS THESE ARE IMPORTANT GROUP OF COSMETICS WHICH ARE USED BOTH BY MEN AND WOMEN TO KEEP THEIR HAIR IN ORDER FOR GOOD LOOKING AND ENHANCE OVERALL APPEARANCE . TYPES :- BRILLIANTINES AND HAIR OILS HAIR SETTING LOTIONS HAIR CREAMS HAIR LAUQUERS OR SPRAYS

55. DEPILATORIES THESE ARE THE PREPARATIONS THAT REMOVE SUPERFLUOUS HAIR BY CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN . THIS REMOVES HAIR AT THE HAIR FOLLICLE AND THUS HAS ADVANTAGE OVER RAZOR SHAVER WHICH REMOVES HAIR ON A LEVEL WITH THE SURFACE OF EPIDERMIS . IDEAL PROPERTIES :- SELECTIVE IN ACTION . EFFICIENT AND RAPID ACTION IN FEW MINUTES. NONTOXIC AND NONALLERGIC ON THE SKIN. ODOURLESS . EASY TO APPLY. STABLE . NON STAINING.

56. FORMULATION STRONTIUM SULPHIDE 20g TALC 20g METHYL CELLULOSE 3g GLYCERIN 15g WATER 42ml PERFUME q.s . PRESERVATIVES q.s .

57. EPILATORIES EPILATION IS LONG LASTING OR EVEN CAN BE PERMANENT NATURE . THIS IS ACHIEVED BY PLUCKING THE HAIR OUT AND REMOVING THE ROOT EITHER BY TWEEZERS ,THREADING OR BY WAXING. CAMPHOR-IMPACT COOLING EFFECT TO REDUCE DISCOMFORT OF HAIR PULLING. LOCAL ANESTHETICS ARE USED TO OVERCOME THE DISCOFORT AND PAIN.

58. FORMULATION ROSIN 70g BEES WAX 20g OZOKERITE 10g PERFUME q.s .

59. Shaving preparations THESE ARE PREPARATIONS USED TO CARRYOUT SHAVING. TYPES:- USED BEFORE SHAVING LATHER SHAVING CREAM BRUSHLESS SHAVING CREAM SHAVING SOAP 1] SOLID 2] CREAM USED AFTER SHAVING

60. LATHER SHAVING CREAM LATHERING WITH SHAVING BRUSH IS REQUIRED . FORMULATION :- STEARIC ACID 28% COCONUT OIL 12% PALM OIL 5% POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 6.5% SODIUM HYDROXIDE 1.5% GLYCERIN 10% PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVE q.s . WATER TO MAKE 100%

61. BRUSHLESS SHAVING CREAM FORMULATION:- STEARIC ACID 16g MINERAL OIL 14g SPERMACETI 2g GLYCERIN 6g DILUTE AMMONIA SOLUTION 2g WATER 6g PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVES q.s .

62. SOLID SOAP STEARIC ACID 49g COCONUT 13g CAUSTIC SODA 12g CAUSTIC POTASH 22g WATER 1.25g SODIUM DIOXYSTEARATE [50%] 0.75g SORBITOL LIQUID 1.25g GLYCEROL 0.75g PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVES q.s .

63. shaving cream POTTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 7g SODIUM HYDROXIDE 1.5g WATER 36.5ml PERFUME AND PRESERVATIVE q.s .

64. AFTER SHAVE LOTION MAIN PURPOSE OF SHAVE PREPARATION IS TO CONFIRM A PLEASANT FEELING OF COMFORT AND WELL BEING AFTER SHAVING . THIS IS ACHIEVED BY GIVING SLIGHT COOLNESS ,ANAESTHETIC ,TAUTNESS ,OR EMOLLIENCY TO SKIN . AT THE SAME TIME IT SHOULD BE ASEPTIC ALSO. FORMULATION:-[ANTISEPTIC LOTION] HYAMINE 0.25% ALCOHOL 40% MENTHOL 0.005% BENZOCAIN 0.025% WATER 59.72% PERFUME q.s .

65. Cosmetics for nails NAIL POLISHES NAIL LACQUERS LACQUER REMOVERS CUTICLE REMOVERS

66. NAIL POLISH A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NAIL POLISH AND LACQUER IS THAT IN NAIL POLISH EXERT THE ABRASIVE ACTION. DUE TO FRICTION IT DRAW THE BLOOD TO NUMEROUS CAPPILARIES OF NAIL BED AND INCREASING BLOOD SUPPLY AND EXERT STIMULATING EFFECT TO GROWTH OF NAIL. FORMULATION:- STANNIC OXIDE 90% POWDERED SILICA 8% BUTYL STEARATE 2% PIGMENT AND PERFUME q.s .

67. Nail lacquer THESE ARE THE PREPARATIONS THAT COVER THE NAIL WITH A WATER AND AIR IMPERMEABLE LAYER WHICH NORMALLY REMAINS FOR DAYS. IDEAL PROPERTIES :- MUST BE INNOCUOUS TO THE NIL AND SKIN. MUST BE EASY AND CONVENIENT TO APPLY. PRODUCT SHOULD BE STABLE ON STORAGE. THE PRODUCT SHOULD PRODUCE A GOOD AND SATISFACTORY FILM.

68. NAIL LACQUER FORMULATION:- NITROCELLULOSE 16g RESIN 19g PLASTICIZER 4.8g SOLVENT 60.5g COLOR 0.5g PERFUME q.s .

69. Lacquer removers THESE ARE ALSO CALLED AS NAIL CLEANSERS WHICH IS APPLIED TO REMOVE NAIL LACQUER. FORMULATION :- BUTYL ACETATE 15g ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER 80g PROPYLENE GLYCOL RICINOLEATE 5g PERFUME q.s .

70. Cuticle remover CUTICLE PREPARATION EITHER SOFTEN OR REMOVE THE CUTICLES. FORMULATION:- ACETONE ETHYL ACETATE LANOLIN BUTYL ACETATE PERFUME PURIFIED WATER

71. COSMETICS FOR EYES EYE SHADOW MASCARA EYE BROW PENCIL EYE LINERS KAJAL

72. EYE SHADOW GIVE THE BACK GROUND OF THE EYE. FORMULATED AS CREAM, LIQUID ,POWDER OR STICK. ULTRAMARINE [20 PARTS] AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE [BLUE]. IRON OXIDE [30PARTS] AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE [5 PARTS . FORMULATION:- PETROLEUM JELLY 47.5g LIQUID LANOLIN 4.5g BEES WAX 4.5g MICRO CRYSTALLINE WAX 8.5g ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE 35g

73. EYE LINERS TYPES:- PENCIL TYPE LIQUID TYPE [SUSPENSION IN A BASE CONTAINING FILM FORMING MATERIAL] CAKE EYE LINERS

74. CAKE EYE LINER FORMULATION:- KAOLIN 5% ZINC STEARATE 12% PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE 7% PIGMENT 10%

75. EYE BROW PENCIL BEES WAX 25% OZOKERITE 25% BUTYL STEARATE 8% LANOLIN 2% CASTOR OIL 25% MINERAL OIL 15% PERFUME q.s . ANTIOXIDANT q.s .

76. mascara Black PIGMENTED PREPARATION FOR APPLYING TO EYE LASHES AND EYE BROWS ,IT DARKENS THE EYE LASHES AND GIVES AN ILLUSION OF THEIR DENSITY AND LENGTH. TYPES:- CAKE TYPE CREAM TYPE LIQUID TYPE

77. MASCARA FORMULATION:- CARBON BLACK 55% COCONUT OIL SODIUM SOAP 25% PALM OIL SODIUM SOAP 22.5%

78. COSMETICS FOR DENTAL PREPARATIONS INTRODUCTION TEETH AND COMMON PROBLEMS CAUSES OF ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF DENTIFRICES FORMULATION OF DENTIFRICES 1] TOOTH PASTES 2] TOOTH POWDERS 3] SOLID BLOCKS 4] LIQUID PREPARATIONS 5] MOUTH WASH TOPICAL ANESTHETICS TARTAR REDUCING PRODUCT MECHANICAL SUPPORT FOR PLAQUE CONTROL SAFETY DENTAL CARE PRODUCTS NEWER APPROACHES

79. INTRODUCTION DENTIFRICES:- IT IS A PREPARATION FOR CLEANSING AND POLISHING THE TEETH. IT MAY CONTAIN A THERAPEUTIC AGENT SUCH AS FLUORIDE , TO INHIBIT DENTAL CARIES.

80. DENTIFRICES [TOOTH PASTE] A PHRMACETICAL COMPOUND USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE TOOTHBRUSH TO CLEAN AND POLISH THE TEETH. CONTAINS A MILD ABRASIVE ,A DETERGENT , A FLAVOURING AGENT, A BINDER , AND OCCASIONALLY DEODORANTS AND VARIOUS MEDICAMENTS DESIGNED AS CARIES PREVENTIVES. [E.G ,.. ANTISEPTICS , ETC.,] 2 TYPES :- 1] SIMPLE CLEASING DENTIFRICES 2] THERAPEUTICS DENTIFRICES THERAPEUTICS DENTIFRICES MAY CONTAIN BACTERIOSTATIC, BACTERICIDAL , ENZYME INHIBITION OR ACID NEUTRALIZING QUALITIES OF THE DRUGS OR CHEMICALS.

81. TEETH AND COMMON PROBLEMS BAD BREATH TOOTH DECAY GUM [ PERIODONTAL ] DISEASE ORAL CANCER MOUTH SORES TOOTH EROSION TOOTH SENSITIVITY TOOTHACHES AND DENTAL EMERGENCIES UNATTRACTIVE SMILE

82. CAUSES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS PELLICLE:- THE PELLICLE IS FORMED ON ALL FRESHLY CLEANED TOOTH SURFACES BY THE DEPOSITION AND ABSORPTION OF SOME SALIVARY PROTIENS IT IS LESS THAN 0.1 MM THICK AND IS INVISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE. PLAQUE:- FOLLOWING THE DEPOSITION OF PELLICLE ON A FRESHLY CLEANED TOOTH SURFACE , PLAQUE FORMS RAPIDLY. PLAQUE IS AN INVISIBLE STICKY FLIM OF BACTERIA , SALIVARY PROTEINS AND POLY SACCHARIDES THAT ACCUMALATES ON EVERYONE’S TEETH. DENTAL CALCULUS [ TARTAR ]:- DENTAL PLAQUE MAY ITSELF BECOME MINERALIZED AND THIS HARD DEPOSIT IS CALLED CALCULUS. IT ACCUMULATES MAINLY ON THE GINGIVAL MARGIN OPPOSITE TO THE SALIVARY DUCTS.

83. CLASSIFICATION ON DENTAL PRODUCTS DEPENDING UPON DENTAL PROBLEMS :- PRODUCTS FOR CARRIES CONTROL 1] SYSTEMIC FLUORIDE 2] TOPICAL FLUORIDE A] DENTIFRICES B] GEL C] RINSES D] MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS FOR PLAQUE CONTROL 1] CHEMICAL AGENTS A] DENTIFRICES B] MOUTH WASHES 2] MECHANICAL PRODUCTS A] TOOTH BRUSHES B] DENTAL FLOSS C] OTHER AIDS TO PLAQUE REMOVAL PRODUCTS FOR TOOTH SURFACE HYPERSITIVITY TOPICAL ANESTHETIC HALITOSIS

84. EVALUATION OF SOLID DENTAL PRODUCTS ABRASIVENESS :- VARIOUS TESTS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED AND REPORTED OVER THE YEAR ,MOSTLY ON THE SET OF EXTRACTED TEETH. PARTICAL SIZE :- THIS CAN BE DETERMINED BY MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE PARTICALS OR BY SIEVING OR OTHER MEANS. CLEANSING PROPERTY :- THIS IS STUDIED BY MEASURING THE REFLECTANCE CHARACTER OF A LACQUER COATING ON THE POLYMER FLIM CAUSED BY BRUSHING WITH A TOOTH CLEANSER .

85. CONSISTENCY:- IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE PRODUCT SHOULD MAINTAIN THE CONSISTENCY TO ENABLE THE PRODUCT PRESS OUT FROM THE CONTAINER . VISCOSITY AND RHEOLOGY OF THE POWDER IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR THE FLOW PROPERTY OF THE POWDERS. pH OF THE PRODUCT:- pH OF THE DISPERSION OF 10 PERCENT OF THE PRODUCT IN WATER IS DETERMINED BY pH METER. FOAMING CHARACTER:- THIS TEST IS SPECIALLY FOR FOAM FORMING TOOTH PASTES OR TASTE POWDER. SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF PRODUCT CAN MIXED WITH SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF WATER AND TO BE SHAKEN. LIMIT TEST FOR ARSENIC AND LEAD:- THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT AS THESE ARE HIGHLY TOXIC METALS. SPECIPIC TESTS ARE THERE TO ESTIMATE THESE TWO METALS.

86. VOLATILE MATTERS AND MOITURE:- A SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF THE PRODUCT REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN IN A DISH AND DRYING IS TO BE DONE TILL CONSTANT WEIGHT. LOSS OF WEIGHT WILL INDICATE PERCENTAGE OF MOISTURE AND VOLATILE MATTERS. EFFECTS OF SPECIAL INGREDIENTS:- SPECIAL TESTS TO BE DONE FOR THE SPECIAL INCREDIENTS IF ANY LIKE ANTISEPTIC , ENZYMES ,etc ,. FOR EACH ONE SPECIAL AND SPECIFIC TESTS ARE TO BE DONE .

87. TOOTH PASTES TOOTH PASTES ARE MOST POPULAR VALUABLE AND WIDELY USED PREPARATIONS FOR CLEANSING THE TEETH. IT HAS LARGEST SHARE OF DENTAL CLEANSING AND CARE PREPARATIONS. TOOTH PASTES ARE PREFERRED OVER OTHER DENTAL PREPARATIONS BECAUSE OF FOLLOWING REASONS . EASY TO TAKE AND SPREAD ON THE TOOTH BRUSH . NO SPILLAGE OR WASTAGE . ATTRACTIVE CONSISTENCY . PROPER DISTRIBUTION IN MOUTH . AVAILABLE IN WIDE VARIETIES .

88. FORMULATION FOR TOOTH PASTES THE BINDER , PREWETTED WITH THE HUMENTANT,IT IS DISPERSE IN LIQUID PORTION CONTAININGTHE SACCHARIN AND PRESERVATIVE AND ALLOW SWEELING TO FORM A HOMOGENEOUS GEL . THE SWELLING MAY BE ACCELERATED BY HEAT AND AGITATION . THE SOLID ABRASIVE IS ADDED SLOWLY TO HOMOGENEOUS GEL AND MIXED IN MIXER UNTIL A PASTE FORMED . THE FLAVOUR AND DETERGENT ARE ADDED LAST AND DISTRIBUTED UNIFORMLY . EXCESSIVE AIRATION PARTICULARLY IN THE PRESENCE OF DETERGENT , SHOULD BE AVOIDED . THE PASTE CAN BE MILLED , DEAIRATED AND TUBED .

89. TOOTH POWERS TOOTH POWDERS ARE OLDEST AND SIMPLEST PREPARATIONS .OVER THE YEARS THEIR MARKET SHARE HAS BEEN REDUCED DUE TO POPULARITY OF PATES, BUT STILL THEY HAVE A CONSIDERABLE MARKET SHARE . THE MAIN PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH PODWERS ARE- FLOATING OF POWDER IN AIR DURING MANUFACTURING . FORMATION OF CAKE DURING STORAGE . UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION IN MOUTH .

90. COMPOSITION TOOTH POWDER CONTAIN THE INGREDIENTS:- ABRASIVES SURFACTANTS SWEETENING AGENTS FLAVOURS COLOURS ABRASIVES ARE USED IN MANUFACTURING OF TOOTH POWDERS ARE SIMILAR TO THAT OF TOOTH PASTES .THOUGH LIGHTER CALCIUM CARBONATE IS USED BUT IN TOOTH POWDERS HEAVIER GRADE CALCIUM CARBONATE IS USED . OTHER INGREDIENTS ARE SIMILAR TO THAT OF TOOTH PASTES .

91. SOLID BLOCKS SOLID DENTIFRICEIS LIKE A SOAP PREPARATION. BASICALLY THEY CONSIST OF TOOTH POWDER SUSPENDED IN A BASE OF SOAP POWDER ,WATER AND HUMECTANT . SOLID DENTIFRICES PROVIDE A CONVENIENT AND HANDY FROM OF CLEANING FOR THE TEETH . FORMULATION THE SOAP FIRST DISSOLVED IN A MIXTURE OF GLYCERIN AND WATER WITH THE AID OF HEAT . THE POWDER [ABRASIVE] IS THEN UNTIL SOFT MASS FORMED . MASS IS DRIED ON TRAYS ,CUT INTO BLOCKS.

92. LIQUID DENTAL PREPARATIONS USED OF LIQUID DENTIFRICES ARE COMPARATIVELY LESS THAN SOLID ONE . THEY ARE BASICALLY AQUEOUS OR HYDRO ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS OF SURFACTANT WITH ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS LIKE , THICKENING AGENT SWEETENERS FLAVOURS THEY DO NOT CONTAIN ANY ABRASIVE AS THEY WILL SEDIMENT. ACTION OF THIS PREPARATION ON DETAIL IS LESS BUT THE CLEANSING EFFECT IS MORE . MANUFACTURING PROCESS IS MAKING SOLUTION OF ALL INGREDIENTS .

93. FORMULATIONS SODIUM MYRISTATE SULPHATE - 4.0 g METHYL CELLULOSE - 4.0 g SACCHARINE SODIUM - 0.1 g FLAVOURING OIL - 0.3 g GLYCERIN - 5.0 g ALCOHOL - 10.0 g WATER - 85.4 g

94. MECHANICAL PRODUCTS FOR PLAQUE CONTROL TOOTH BRUSH TOOTH PASTE DENTAL FLOSS TONGUE SCRAPER

95. TARTAR [CALCULUS] -REDUCING PRODUCTS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE CALCULAS REDUCING CHEMICAL IS RELATED TO THE LATTER’S ABILITY TO INHIBIT CRYSTAL GROWTH AND INTERRUPT THE TRANSFORMATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (FOUND IN FOOD AND SALIVA) INTO DENTAL CALCULUS . THIS EFFECT MAY OCCUR AS FOLLOWS :- THE AGENTS COMPLEX ON THE TOOTH SURFACE TO BLOCK RECEPTOR SITES FOR CALCIUM PHOSPHATE THAT PRECIPITATES FROM SALIVA AND CHEMICALLY ABSORBS TO INITIATE CALCULUS FORMATION . THIS SAME RECEPTOR SITE BLOKAGE ALSO OCCURS IN THE CALCULUS MATRIX AS IT BEGINS TO FORM. THE PYROPHOSPHATE COMPLEXES COMBINE WITH FREE CALCIUM IN SALIVA TO INHIBIT THE ATTACHMENT AT THE TOOTH SURFACE (SECONDARY MECHANISM) .

96. HALITOSIS LOCAL FACTORS ,SYSTEMIC FACTOR ,OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH CAN CAUSE HALOTOSIS. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT 80 PERCENT OF ALL MOUTH ODOURS ARE CAUSED BY LOCAL FACTORS WITHIN THE ORAL CAVITY AND THESE ODOURS ARE MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH CARIES ,GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTITIS. ORAL MALODORS OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE ACTION OF VARIOUS MICROORGANISMS ON PROTEINACEOUS SUBSTANCES SUCH AS EXFOLIATED ORAL EPITHELIUM ,SALIVARY PROTEIN ,FOOD DEBRIS AND BLOOD . STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT SALIVA FROM INDIVITUALS WHO ARE FREE OF DENTAL DISEASE PRODUCES MALODOR LESS RAPIDLY THAN SALIVA FROM PATIENTS WITH DENTAL DISEASE .

97. IT HAS ALSO BEEN OBSERVED THAT AFTER PROLONGED PERIODS OF DECREASED SALIVARY FLOW AND ABSTINENCE FROM FOOD AND LIQUID MALODORS TEND TO BE MORE SEVERE . VARIOUS ORAL BACTERIA PRODUCE PRODUCTS THAT ARE DEGRADED TO A NUMBER OF COMPOUNDS ,FOREMOST OF WHICH ARE SULFIDES AND MUCOPROTEINS . THESE COMPOUNDS HAVE BEEN MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL MALODOR . SPECIFICALLY ,IT APPEARS THAT ORAL MALODORS USUALLY RESULTS FROM THE BACTERIAL –MEDIATED DEGRADATIVE PROCESSES OF METHYL MERCAPTAN AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN ORAL AIR . AMMONIA IS ALSO PRODUCED BUT DOES NOT APPEAR TO CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO HALITOSIS . IT HAS EVEN BEEN SUGGESTED THAT AMMONIA PRODUCTION MAY IMPROVE THE ODOUR OF MOUTH AIR .

98. SAFETY AS WITH ANY OTC DRUG PRODUCT ,PRECAUTIONS NEED TO BE TAKEN TO BE TAKEN TO PREVENT OVERDOSE .THE FDA REQUIRES LABELLING OF ALL FLUORIDE DENTIFRICE PRODUCTS INCLUDE A STATEMENT “TO MINIMISE SWALLOWING USE A PEA SIZE AMOUNT IN CHILDREN UNDER SIX . MAKING CHILD PROOF CAPS AVAILABLE ON FLUORIDE PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR USE BY CHILDREN HAS BEEN RECOMMENDED . ANOTHER APPROACH WOULD BE TO PROVIDE METERED DENTIFRICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN UNDER AGE SIX ,WHICH COULD BE SET TO DISPENSE THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF FLUORIDE DEPENDING UPON THE BODY WEIGHT OF THE CHILD .

99. DENTAL CARE PRODUCTS EFFERVESCENT POLIDENT DENTURE CLEANSERS POLIDENT FRESH CLEANSE DENTURE FORM POLIDENT DENTU – GEL DENTURE SUPER POLIGRIP DENTURE ADHESIVE CREAM SUPER POLIGRIP DENTURE ADHESIVE POWDER SUPER POLIGRIP DENTURE ADHESIVE STRIPS

100. NEWER FORMULATIONS OF DENTIFRICE FROM CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FUNCTIONAL TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING NANO SIZED SILVER. HIGH FLUORIDE ION RECOVERY DENTIFRICE COMPOSITIONS . APPLICATION OF WATER SOLUBLE CHITOSAN IN TOOTHPASTE AND MOUTHWASH . DENTIFRICE CONTAINING SILICA MICROPARTICLES AS THE SOLE ABRASIVES . STABLE SUSPENSIONS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALA FOR USE AS DENTIFRICES CONTAINING AN ANTIMICROBIAL ORGANIC ACID SALT .