foundation of computing module1 power point

Motherboard - Computer Peripherals - I/O devices

1. FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTING: FROM HARDWARE ESSENTIALS TO WEB DESIGN

2. Motherboard 03 Computer’s central nervous system

3. What is a Motherboard? The motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer, connecting and enabling communication between all the essential components of the system. Acts as the backbone of the computer, distributing power and allowing hardware components to communicate. 9

4. Motherboard Components

5. Back Panel Ports P orts for connecting the computer to external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports etc. 5

6. Back Panel Connectors & Ports VGA Cable Also known as D- sub cable, analog video cable Connect one end to: computer monitor, television (PC input port ) Connect other end to: VGA port on processor 640x480px resolution Analog signals 6

7. Back Panel Connectors & Ports DVI Port & Connector DVI is a video interface used to connect monitors, projectors, and other display devices to a computer. It supports both analog and digital video signals over a single connector ) 1920x1200px 7

8. Back Panel Connectors & Ports HDMI Port & Connector An HDMI (High- Definition Multimedia Interface) port on a PC allows you to connect audio and video devices to your computer using a single cable. You can use HDMI to connect your PC to a TV, monitor, or projector. 8

9. Back Panel Connectors & Ports PS/2 port The PS/2 port is a 6- pin mini- DIN connector used for connecting keyboards and mouse to a PC (Electric connector) Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers, with which it was introduced in 1987 Purple PS/2 port: keyboard Green PS/2 port: mouse 9

10. Back Panel Connectors & Ports Ethernet port Ethernet ports can also be referred to as sockets or jacks. The main function of an ethernet port is to create an ethernet connection. Ethernet connections can be create d between computers, servers, switches, hubs, routers, modems, gaming consoles, printers and much more. 10

11. 17 Back Panel Connectors & Ports 3.5 mm Audio Port Connect one end to: computer speakers, 3.5mm headphones, 3.5mm microphone Connect other end to: audio ports on computer Green audio port: computer speakers or headphones Pink audio port: microphone Blue audio port: MP3 player, CD player, DVD player, turntable, electric guitar etc (line- in port to play and record sounds from the above devices)

12. Back Panel Connectors & Ports USB Port USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a widely used technology for connecting devices to computers. It is commonly used for transferring data between computers and other peripherals such as printers, external hard drives , keyboards, and more. USB 2.0 ports have black tips USB 3.0 ports have blue tips. 12

13. PCI Slots PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards. Have been largely replaced by PCI- Express x1 slots 13

14. PCI Express x1 Slots Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi- Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth), connector cards (USB) and certain low- end graphics cards. 14

15. PCI Express x16 Slot Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top- end solid state drives.. 15

16. Northbridge Chipset The northbridge is a chip that is part of a computer's motherboard, and it plays a crucial role in connecting the processor, memory, and high- speed peripherals. The northbridge acts as a communication hub between the processor and other components of the computer system, including the memory, graphics card, and some peripheral devices. 16

17. Southbridge Chipset The southbridge's main purpose is to handle the input/output (I/O) functions of the computer. It acts as a bridge between the central processing unit (CPU) and other peripheral devices, facilitating communication and data transfer. 17

18. CPU Socket A CPU socket, also known as a CPU slot, is a physical connection between a computer's central processing unit (CPU) and its motherboard. It allows the CPU to be installed or replaced without soldering. 18

19. IDE Connector Integrated Drive Electronics Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer . Have been replaced over by SATA connectors 19

20. SATA Connectors SATA (Serial ATA) is a computer interface standard that allows for the transfer of data between storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid- state drives (SSDs), and optical drives, and a computer's motherboard. Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state drives and optical drives for data transfer. 20

21. RAM Slots RAM slots are physical connectors on a computer's motherboard that hold Random Access Memory (RAM) modules. Typically, motherboards have a total of 4 RAM slots . Some high- end motherboards may contain as many as eight slots, and in supercomputers, there may be multiple motherboards per system, up to 32 slots total. 21

22. RAM Slots A CMOS (Complementary Metal- Oxide- Semiconductor) battery is a small, coin- shaped battery found on a computer's motherboard. It provides power to the CMOS chip, which stores important system information such as the date, time, and hardware settings in the CMOS memory. 22

23. Power Connector A motherboard's power connector is a cable that supplies power to the motherboard's circuits . The main power connector is the ATX 24- pin connector, which connects to the power supply unit (PSU ). 23

24. Types of Motherboards AT Motherboard (Advanced Technology Motherboard) The AT motherboard was one of the earliest types used in computers during the 1980s and 1990s. Form Factor: Large in size, typically 12 inches x 13.8 inches, requiring large cases. Power Connector: Used a 12- pin connector, which is now outdated. Limitations: Bulky size made it difficult to install and upgrade. Lack of proper power management. Not compatible with modern computer systems. 24

25. Types of Motherboards ATX Motherboard (Advanced Technology Extended) Introduced by Intel in the mid- 1990s, the ATX motherboard became the standard for personal computers. Form Factor: Available in a range of sizes, the full ATX board typically measures 12 inches x 9.6 inches. Features: Efficient layout with components easily accessible. B a tter y enabled power connectors (20/24- pin). Supports high- performance CPUs and RAM. Use Cases: Widely used in desktops, workstations, and gaming PCs. 25

26. Types of Motherboards Micro- ATX Motherboard A smaller version of the ATX motherboard, designed for compact cases. Form Factor: Measures 9.6 inches x 9.6 inches. Features: Fewer expansion slots compared to ATX . Compatible with most ATX cases. Suitable for mid- range computers with moderate expansion needs. Use Cases: Home PCs, budget gaming systems, and office computers. 26

27. Types of Motherboards Mini- ITX Motherboard The Mini- ITX motherboard is a compact form factor designed for space- saving devices. Form Factor: Measures 6.7 inches x 6.7 inches. Features: Limited to one PCI slot . Low power consumption. Supports smaller cases and quieter systems. Use Cases: HTPCs (Home Theater PCs), small form factor (SFF) builds, and low- power applications. 27

28. Types of Motherboards E-ATX Motherboard (Extended ATX)Description: A larger version of the ATX motherboard, designed for high- performance systems. Form Factor: Measures 12 inches x 13 inches. Features: More expansion slots and ports than standard ATX. Supports extensive cooling solutions. Ideal for high- end CPUs. Use Cases: High- performance gaming rigs, workstations, and servers. 28

29. Types of Motherboards BTX Motherboard (Balanced Technology Extended) Designed as an alternative to ATX, the BTX motherboard aimed to improve thermal performance and layout efficiency. Form Factor: Slightly different from ATX, with a focus on airflow and cooling. Features: Better airflow for CPU cooling . Rearranged components for efficiency. Limitations: It was not widely adopted and is now largely discontinued. 29