Fractures and wounds in disaster read.pptx

fractures

1. Fractures and wounds

2. What is fracture? A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. It usually result from a high force impact or stress.

3. Types of bone Fractures Stable Fracture (Non-displaced) Closed Fracture Stress Fracture Greenstick Fracture Open Fracture Displaced Fracture Avulsion Fracture Comminuted Fracture Compression Fracture

4. Stable Fracture (Non-displaced) A bone that is broken, but with minimal damage. The ends of the bones line up, nearly matching, allowing for easier healing than with more severe fractures. Displaced Fracture The ends of the bone have come out of alignment. In such cases, the broken bone needs to be set back into alignment so it will heal properly. This is called a “reduction”.

5. Open Fracture Are commonly known as compound fracture; these breaks result in sharp ends of the fractured bone breaking through the skin of the affected area. This can occur in two ways. Either the bone breaks through the skin or it is exposed through a wound that occurs naturally at the time of the accident. In such a case the bone may or may not be visible through the wound. Closed Fracture Occurs when the bone is broken, but the remains intact.

6. Stress Fracture Tiny cracks in a bone. They’re caused by repetitive force, often from overuse – such as repeatedly jumping up and down or running long distances. Stress fractures can also develop from normal use of a bone that’s weakened by a condition such osteoporosis. Greenstick Fracture Is a type of broken bone. A bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through the bone. It is called a “greenstick” fracture because it can look like a branch that has broken and splintered on one side.

7. Comminuted Fracture Refers to a bone that is broken in at least two places. Comminuted fractures are by severe traumas like car accidents. You will need surgery to repair your bone, and recovery can take a year or longer. Avulsion Fracture Happen when a bone fragment separates from the rest of the bone. In children, they are most common in sports like soccer, football, gymnastics, and other sports that involve sudden changes in direction, leaping, and kicking.

8. Compression Fracture Is a type of broken bone that can cause your vertebrae to collapse, making them shorter. This often happens to the front of the vertebrae but not the back, causing you stoop forward over time.

9. W O U N D S

10. Abrasions Abrasions are usually the result of a rub or scrape on a rough surface, like skinning you knee on the playground or scratching your elbow on a brick wall. Sometimes people call abrasions strawberries or raspberries. Typically, an abrasion will not bleed heavily, but the area should be thoroughly cleaned and washed with soap and water to avoid infection. An abrasion may require a bandage or dressing in extreme cases, but minor abrasions should heal on their own after cleaning.

11. Lacerations Lacerations are cuts, slices, or tears in the skin. Lacerations are often caused by sharp objects like knives or broken glass. Bleeding may occur quickly in the cases of deep lacerations, so it is important to stop the bleeding by covering the wound and applying pressure.

12. Punctures Punctures can occur when any type of pointed object,, such as a nail, penetrates the skin. Puncture wounds may not bleed much outwardly, but a deep puncture can cause internal bleeding. Apply pressure and rinse the wound with clean water to remove all dirt. Tetanus – if the person with injury hasn’t had a tetanus shot in the past five years, a booster may be needed. It best to get his within 48 hours of the injury. Rabies – if the wound is from a cat, dog, or other animal bite, it is important to find out if the animal’s rabies vaccine is up to date, or consult with your doctor on the best way to proceed.

13. Avulsions Avulsions are severe injuries that can cause uncontrolled, life-threatening bleeding. This type of injury typically occurs when skin or a body part is partially or completely torn away. These injuries often result from serious trauma, such as car or motorcycle accidents, explosions, or gunshots. For some avulsions, you may need to apply a tourniquet to stop the bleeding. If a body part is severed, it should be brought to the hospital for possible reattachment.