FRAMED CONSTRUCTION-1.pptx

Framed construction

1. FRAMED CONSTRUCTION PRESENTED BY MR JAMES KIRIMA

2. Objectives of the lesson By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to; State types of framed construction State application of framed construction Describe the construction procedures of given framed construction Fire protection, facing and claddings in framed construction Identify materials used in framed construction and in-fills Describe construction methods of framed structures

3. Framed construction Frame construction is a building technique which involves building a supportive framework of studs, joists, and rafters, and attaching everything else to this framework. 

4. Introduction A framed structure is a network of beams and columns joined up to form the skeleton framework of the building. Frame structures are the structures having the combination of beam, column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads. These structures are usually used to overcome the large moments developing due to the applied loading. The structural frame carries the total load of the building and transfers it to the foundation . Cladding is fixed over the framework, or infill panels are placed between its members, to totally enclose the space within the building. Framed structures are easily erected from pre-made members. These members are easily connected together in the correct sequence to form the structural framework.

5. Types of framed construction Timber Concrete Steel Portal frames

6. Materials used in framed construction Timber Concrete steel

7. Applications of framed construction Warehouses / godowns Factories Multistory buildings ; schools, hotels & offices Dwellings

8. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING FRAME STRUCTURES As already indicated, the primary function of a skeleton frame is to carry safely all the loads imposed on the building and this is must do without deforming excessively under load as a whole or in its parts. In order to fulfill this function efficiently it must provide in its design and construction adequate: STRENGTH AND STABILITY These are ensured by the use of appropriate materials in suitable forms applied with due regard to the manner in which a structure and its parts behave under load. FIRE RESISTANCE An adequate degree of fire resistance in the frame is essential in order that its structural integrity may be maintained in the event of fire, either for the full period of a total burn-out or for a long period at least long enough to permit any occupants of the building to escape.

9. Cladding Cladding is needed to: Create a controlled internal environment. Protect the building from external conditions. Provide privacy and security. Prevent the transmission of sound. Provide thermal insulation. Create an external facade. Prevent the spread of fire. Generate an 'airtight' building envelope. Providing openings for access, daylight and ventilation

10. Types of cladding materials Precast concrete Bricks Stones/Mable timber Cladding therefore is the application of one material over another to provide skin/layer intended to control the infiltration of weather elements or for aesthetic purpose.

11. Cladding details

12. FACINGS A facing is a layer of material covering part of a garment and providing contrast, decoration or strength. It is an outer layer covering the outer surface of a wall majorly for aesthetic purpose or protective layer. Some of the materials used as facings include: Bricks Stones Timber Tiles

13. CURTAIN WALLING A curtain wall is a form of external light weight cladding attached to a framed structure forming a complete envelope or sheath around the structural frame. They are non-load bearing claddings which have to support only their own dead weight and any imposed wind loadings which are transferred to the structural frame through connectors usually positioned at floor levels.

14. Objectives of using curtain walling systems To provide an enclosure to the structure which will give the necessary protection against elements. To make use of dry construction methods. To impose on to the structural frame the minimum load inform of claddings. To express an architectural feature.

15. Functional requirements of a curtain wall Resistance to weather elements Assist in maintaining the designed internal temperatures Adequate Provide required degree of fire resistance Easy to assemble and fix – the infill framing and panels may be obtained as a series of individual components or as a single prefabricated unit to make assembly and fixing easy. Provide required degree of sound insulation Provide for thermal and structural

16. Construction methods of framed structures Procedure Setting out Laying foundations Frame structure layout work Framed structure reinforcement work Framed structure formwork Pouring concrete into formwork