FRBR model by Gaurav Boudh

FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
  A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to discover the logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of entity, attributes and relationship.

1. FRBR(Functional requirement for
bibliographic records)

2. Contents
1.What is FRBR?
2.Historical Background
3.Basic Concept of FRBR
4.FRBR entities
5.FRBR entities relationship model
6.Need for FRBR
7.Benefits of FRBR
8.FRBR and RDA
9.Conclusion

3. 1.What is FRBR?
FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records is a
conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the
International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA).
A conceptual entity relationship model that relates user
tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and
bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective.
A new conceptual model for bibliographic universe with a
strong users focus .
The purpose of this entity relationship analysis was to
discover logical nature of bibliographic data in terms of
entity, attributes and relationship.

4. 2.Historical Background
FRBR developed in a seminar on Bibliographic record held in
Stockholm in 1990 .
A resolution was passed in that seminar a study be commissioned to
define the functional requirement of bibliographic record in relation to
the variety of users needs and the variety of media.
A group was formed in 1991 by IFLA.
FRBR report was approved in 1997 by IFLA’s Standing committee on
cataloguing and published the subsequent year with the title FRBR :
Final Report.
The final report contains the description of the entity relationship model
that the study group developed to analyze bibliographic records and
makes their recommendations
The study has two primary objectives :
1.The first Is to provide a clearly defined structured framework for
relating the data that are recorded in bibliographical records to the
need of the users of those records
2.The second objective is to recommend a basic level of functionality
for records created by national bibliographic agencies.
IFLA Publication group published in 1998 i.eIn 1998 FRBR was
published by IFLA.

5. IFLA decided to appoint new groups to extent the
FRBR model to include authority data (Functional
requirement of Authority Data , FRAD) and subject
authority data (Functional requirement for subject
Authority Data records FRSAD).
The working group on functional requirements and
numbering of authority records(FRANAR)developed
the FRAD model ,and their report was published in
2009
FRSAD is in process of being developed ,with a first
draft issued in 2008 and a second draft in 2009.
IFLA also decided to establish the FRBR Review
group to review and maintain the FRBR family of
conceptual models and to encourage their
application.
Cont…..

6. 3.FRBR basic concept
FRBR is entity relationship model .
Basic concepts :
a)Entity: Key object that users are interested in
findings .
b)Attributes (data element): Bibliographic data with
which entities are associated.
c)Relationship: meaningful relationship between two
or more entities.
One Entity Another Entity
Relatio
n
Fig. 1: Relation between one to another entity

7. Example of Relationship
Creator Person
Created by
Work
Chetan
Bhagat
3 idiot

8. 4.FRBR entities
FRBR comprises groups of entities:
Group 1entities are work, expression, manifestation, and
item (WEMI).They represents the product of intellectual &
artistic endeavor.
Group 2entities are person, family and corporate body,
responsible for the custodianship of Group 1’s intellectual
or artistic endeavor.
Group 3entities are subjects of Group 1 or Group 2’s
intellectual endeavor, and include concepts, objects,
events, places.
User task: Find ,Identify Select and Obtain.

9. 5.FRBR entity relationship Model
Group 1: It is the product of intellectual &
artistic endeavour
Work: A distinct intellectual or artistic creation
Expression: Expressionis "the specific intellectual or artistic
form that a work takes each time it is 'realized.'" The intellectual
or artistic realization of a work in some forms (i.elanguage,
alpha numeric, and music)
Manifestation: Manifestationis "the physical embodiment of an
expression of a work. As an entity, manifestation represents all
the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in
respect to both intellectual content and physical form."
Physical embodiment of an expression,(example. print
publication, CD, DVD)
Item: Itemis "a single exemplar of a manifestation. The entity
defined as item is a concrete entity." (example. one copy of
book)

10. Source:http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue58/chaudhri
Group 1: Entities and basic relations

11. Source: https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/frbreng.pdf
FRBR entity levels

12. Work
Expression
Manifestatio
n
Item
A Story
(3 Idiot)
Hindi Movie
(3 Idiot)
Oxpert
University
Press,London
I have
one
copy of
this
Book
Example of Group 1

13. Group 1.Entities and primary
relationship

14. Group 2:
Those responsible for the
intellectual and artistic
content
Person: ( An Individual)
like -name, designation,
date , place of birth etc.
Example-William Blake
Family
Corporate Body: ( An
organization
or group of individuals) like
–
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/thumb/6/6d/FRBR-Group-2-
entities-and-relations.svg/320px-FRBR-
Group-2-entities-and-relations.svg.png

16. Group 3: It is the subject of work
Concept: Abstract/ Idea
Object: Material thing
title of object,
date of production
Event: Action/ occurrance
Date, celebrety event
Place: Location
term for the places

17. Source: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/frbr-121220055237-phpapp02/95/functional-
requirements-for-bibliographic-records-frbr-23-638.jpg?cb=1422243454

18. Source:https://cataids.wordpress.com/files/2009/06/entity-relationships.jpg
The goal is that three models, when put together, will provide a complete
view of the bibliographic universe.

19. User Tasks
The ways that people can use FRBR data have
been defined as follows:
to find entities in a search,
to identify an entity as being the correct one,
to select an entity that suits the user's needs,
or
to obtain an entity (physical access or
licensing)

20. 6.Need for FRBR
Improve the users experience in locating of information .
oGuide systems designs for the future .
oGuide rule makers .
Cut cost for the description and access to resources in our
libraries .
Position information provides to better operates in the
internet environment and beyond .
To make the catalog work best for patrons.
To avoid becoming marginalized by other information
discovery services.
To encourage redesign of our systems, to move us into
liked data information discovery and navigation systems in
the internet environment.
To make bibliographic description and access data more
internationally acceptable.

21. 7.Benefits of FRBR
Collocation
Better organization to catalogue
More option to display
oidentifying elements pathways
Easier cataloguing and Circulation
Helps upgrade Cataloging Efforts. Achieving higher quality
and more effectively shared cataloging efforts with easier
maintenance.
In the Digital Environment the FRBR helps better
manage to the resources.
It helps easier integration of resources and
systems among libraries and beyond in the digital
information environment because it was created
considering a wide range of materials, media, and
formats such as textual, cartographic,
audiovisual, graphic and film.

22. Cont…..
The FRBR relationships can be used for
designing visual tools to facilitate information
seeking in the bibliographic universe.
FRBR opened the road to new method of
cataloging/new model of subject cataloging.
New model of authority data.
FRBR can contribute toward the
future integration of all
resources in all of the world's
repositories, including libraries,
bookstores, music and film
archives, publishing houses.

23. 8.FRBR and RDA
RDA: Resource Description and Access
FRBR as foundation for RDA .
1997 international conference was held in
Toronto, Canada for principles and
future development of AACR.
RDA is the successor of AACR2 .
2005 name change to RDA, to reflect need to closer
align with FRBR and international view (removed Anglo
american)
RDA is a set of cataloguing rules based upon the FRBR
conceptual model and FRBR principles.
These models have shaped the structure of RDA and
Influenced the language used in Instructions .
In order to better understand RDA we should get a grasp of
what FRBR is.
Source:
https://i.pinimg.com/236x/8f/3e/d5/8f3ed591bcf3
aa1422d91b4cbe5c2c7e--library-classification-
koren.jpg

24. FRBR/RDA Attributes
FRBR, a model, defines attributes, but does not tell us
how to record the data.
RDA, a cataloguing code, defines attributes and does
tell us how to record the data.
Source :https://faculty.washington.edu/aschiff/ILA2013-Notes.pdf

25. 9.Conclusion
The FBBR is one of the useful Cataloguing standard which play
a important role in the library and information science.
All the activities required to identify the group 1 entities -
determining work citation, transcribing information about
translations and publishers, and creating holdings records –are
activities that cataloger do now, everyday, when they catalog.
These activities will remain largely the same when FRBR is
implemented, regardless of the precise nature of the
implementation. The important changes that FRBR may bring are
changes in cataloger consciousness and changes in online
catalog displays. While AACR2 has always included the
possibility of identifying works in the catalog, current rules are
somewhat obscure about how this is accomplished and have
made work identification optional.
FRBR offers us a fresh perspective on the structure and
relationship of bibliographic and authority records, and also a
more precise vocabulary to help future cataloging rule makers
and system designers in meeting user needs.

26. Cont…..
The FRBR model brought a change in the
organization and display of bibliographic records
as well as the structure and content of those
records.
The entity relationship modeling technique on
which the FRBR model is based is also being
employed to analyze authority data.
Cataloging rules are changing, in part in response
to the model. The FRBR conceptual model
appeals to those whose goal is to make sense of
the bibliographic universe .
Although there are unresolved issues associated
with it, the FRBR model still emerges to many to
represents a hope for rationalizing and controlling
that universe and thereby increasing its
usefulness.

27. References
By Books
•Kishore,Amit. Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan Librarian,
Recruitment exam Guide(2018).New Delhi:Aadarsh
Prakashan.Page no.133,134.
•Singh,S.P.Classification and Cataloguing in Digital
libraries(2009).New Delhi:Omega Publications.Page
no.197,198.
•Oliver,Chris(2010).Introducing RDA: A guides to the
Basics.Chicago:American Library Association.Page no.13-
36.

28. Cont…..
https://search.proquest.com/docview/204509585/
1749AEB4122843E9PQ/14?accountid=10461 ,
https://search.proquest.com/docview/204519948/
C291B1FF99F0489DPQ/16?accountid=10461,
https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/frbreng.pdf,
https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2017/09/frb
r.html,
https://www.slideshare.net/barswrangbasumatar
y5/frbr-presentation-by-bwsrang-basumatary
By Web