Fritsch classification of microalgae.pptx

Fritsch classification of algae

1. FRITSCH CLASSIFICATION OF MICROALGAE   SUBJECT : MICROALGAL TECHNOLOGY  Presented by, DHARSHINIPRIYA MUTHUSAMY  I M.SC MICROBIOLOGY  DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU, INDIA.

2. CONTENT Introduction of algae Fritsch classification Occurence Pigment Reserve food Structure Reproduction

3. Introduction of algae Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Algae are found in water and soil. They are commonly found in aquatic environment including fresh water, marine water and brackish water. They are either motile or non-motile It contain a chloroplast The algae include both the microscopic unicellular to macroscopic multicellular organisms. Algae are plant like characteristics organisms. Algae reproduce both sexually and asexually.

4. Microalgae another name called as a,                     phytoplankton                     Microphytes                     Planktonic organisms Fritsch (1935) classified into the whole of the algae into eleven classes.

5. Classification of algae by FRITSCH F.E.FRITSCH (1935)  proposed  a classification for algae based on pigmentation, types of flagella, reserve food materials, thallus structure and reproduction. He published his classification in this book “The Structure And Reproduction Of Algae”. He classified algae into 11 classes namely,         1. Chlorophyceae             7.   Chloromonadineae        2. Xanthophyceae             8.   Euglinineae        3. Chrysophyceae              9.   Phaeophyceae        4. Bacillariophyceae         10.  Rhodophyceae         5.  Cryptophyceae              11.    Myxophyceae          6. Dinophyceae

6. Class 1: chlorophyceae (green algae) Occurence   : Most form of fresh water and few of marine water Pigment : Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids Reserve food : Starch Structure : Unicellular and motile to filamentous,  Cell wall is made up of cellulose Reproduction : Sexual reproduction isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous  types.         Example : Chlamydomonas , Volvox, chlorella 

7. Class 2 : Xanthophyceae (yellow – green algae) Occurence   : Most form of fresh water but few of marine water Pigment : Yellow xanthophyll is present Reserve food : Oil Structure : Unicellular, motile to simple filamentous.                         Cell wall rich in pectin compound                         Absence of pyrenoids Reproduction : Sexual reproduction , isogamous type Example :    Vaucheria   ,   Microspora   

8. Class 3 : Chrysophyceae (Golden algae) Occurance : Most form occur in cold fresh water but few of marine water Pigment : Chromatophores are brown or orange. .                       Phycochrysin is main pigment. Reserve food : fat and leucosin Structure : Plants are Unicellular, motile to branched filamentous  Flagella are unequal end  Cells commonly contain one or two particle chromatophore present  Reproduction : Sexual reproduction, isogamous type Example : Chrysosphaera  

9. Class 4 : Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) Occurence : In all kind of Bacillariophyceae are present in fresh, soil, marine and   brackish water. Pigment : Chromatophores are yellow or golden brown algae, chlorophyll e present. Reserve food : fat and volutin Structure : All the member are Unicellular or colonical  . The cell wall spotly composed silica pectin compound. Cell wall richly ornamental. Reproduction : Forms are diploid, sexual reproduction is a special type. Example : pinnularia

10. Class 5 : Cryptophyceae Occurence   : Both in fresh and marine water. Pigment : Chlorophyll a ,chromatophores are highly present Reserve food : Solid carbohydrates or some case of starch. Structure : Represented by motile cells and most advanced forms cocci and   flagella                             are slightly unequal. Reproduction : isogamous Example : Cryptomonas ,   Chroomonas .

11. Class 6 : Dinophyceae Occurence : Sea water present in mainly ,few may be  fresh water form. Pigment : Chromatophore are dark yellow and brown etc.., contain a number of  Special pigment. Reserve food : Starch and oil Structure : Plants are Unicellular motile to branched filamentous. Reproduction : Sexual reproduction, isogamous type. Example : Dinoflagellates ceratium

12. Class 7 : Chloromonadineae Occurence : All algae are fresh water forms. Pigment : Chromatophore are bright green in colour and contain on excess of Xanthophyll. Reserve food : Oil Structure : Plants are motile flagellate with two almost equal flagella. Reproduction : Reproduction take place by   longitudional    devision . Example :   Vacuolaria .

13. Class 8 : Euglinineae Occurence   : Only fresh water forms are know  . Pigments : Chromatophore are pure green, each cell have several chromatophore. Reserve food : Polysaccharide, paramylon. Structure : Motile flagellate, large and prominent   nucleus. Reproduction :  Sexual reproduction is not subsequently known , it is isogamous type. Example : Euglena.

14. Class 9 : Phaeophyceae Occurence     : Mostly occur in marine water . Pigment : Chlorophyll a and c , carotenoids, xanthophyll , not chlorophyll b. Reserve food : Mannitol , as well as laminarin and fat. Structure : Plants may be simple filamentous  to  bulky paraenchymatous form several plants attain giant size. Reproduction : Sexual reproduction range isogamous to oogamous , motile  Gametes have two laterally attached flagella. Example :    Ectocarpus , sargassum.

15. Class 10 : Rhodophyceae ( Red algae) Occurence   : Few are fresh water and other are marine water. Pigment :   Chromatophore are red and blue containing pigment, Red – phycoerythrin ,   blue – phycocyanin Reserve food :    Floridean   starch. Structure : Simple filamentous to attaining considerable complexity complex Of structure. Motile structure are not known. Reproduction : Sexual reproduction advanced oogamous type. The male organ produced  non – motile gametes, the female organ has a long respective neck ,after  Sexual reproduction special spore ( carposphore )  are produce. Example :   Batrachospermum ,   polysiphonia .

16. Class 11 : Myxophyceae (cyanophyceae) Occurence : present  in sea and fresh water. Pigment :  Chlorophyll, carotenoids , xanthophyll, phycoerythrin. Reserve food : Sugar and glycogen. Structure : Simple types of cell to filamentous , some of the filamentous form  show branching , no proper Chromatophore and non – motile stage. Reproduction : sexual reproduction is absent. Example : Oscillatoria , Nostoc , Anabena .

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