Frost bite

for nursing students

1. PRAGYANSHREE NANDA. PG-NEUROSCIENCE , LECTURE Dept. Of Medical-Surgical Nursing. KINS / KIIT-DU FROST BITE

2. Frostbite occurs when there is freezing of the affected area and it is the most serious of the cold weather-related injuries . Frostbite usually affects the hands, feet, nose, or ears, though other parts of the body may also be affected . This type of injury results from decreased blood flow and heat delivary to body tissues resulting in damaging ice crystal formation . INTRODUCTION

3. CLASSIFICATION SUPERFICIAL FROST BITE : It is involves the skin ,subcutaneous tissues . skin is cold,waxy white, and nonblanching frozen part anesthetic but become painfuland flushed with thawing. edema develops and clear bullae filled with serous fluid appear with in 24hr .

4. DEEP FROST BITE: It is involves in the muscle,tendons,neurovascular strctures , and bone, in addition to the skin and subcutaneous tissues . frozen part is hard, wood like , and anesthetic. it appear ashen gray, cynotic , or mottled and may remain unchanged even rewarming . edema develops,are filled with hemorrhagic fluid.

5. RISK FACTORS Intoxication with alcohol or other substance Very young or very old age Cardiovascular disease Peripheral vascular disease Windy or wet weather Previous frostbite Poor circulation Taking beta-blockers Diabetes Exhaustion,malnutrition , dehydration,sever injury, smoking,depression Constricting clothing and footwear Winter sports at high altitudes

6. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Pins and needles'' sensation followed by numbnees Early throbbing or aching Skin is hard, pale,cold,and has no feeling Burning sensation and swelling from collected fluid that may last four weeks Blisters Black scab like crust, which may develop several weeks after exposure . Damage to deep structures such as tendons, muscles,nerves and bone .

7. TREATMENT Analgesics NSAIDs Antibiotics Tetanus toxoids coldand move him or her to a warmer place. Remove constricting jewellery and wet clothing. If immediate care is not available,rewarming first aid may be given. soak the affected areas in warm water or repeatedly apply warm clothes to affected ears, nose or cheeks for 20 to 30 minutes . keeps circulating the water to aid the warming process.

8. Refreezing of thawed extremites can causes more severe damage. P revent refreezing by wrapping the thawed areas and keeping the person warm. If frost bite has caused tissue death in any area,such as a hand or foot , amputation may be necessary. If , however the person has serious infection , wet gangrene , or pain that won't respond to treatment, surgery may be required sooner. Apply dry sterile dressing to the frostbitten areas. Put dressing between frostbitten fingers or toes to keep them separated .

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