Frotteurism and Pedophilia.report

Psychology

1. FROTTEURISM

2. DEFINITION Frotteuristic disorder , or frotteurism , is a paraphilia in which a person is sexually aroused by the act or fantasy of making unwanted—and often unrecognized—physical contact with others while in public spaces.

3. The term “ frotteurism ” comes from the French verb “ frotter ,” meaning “to rub”.

4. DIAGNOSING FROTTEURISTIC DISORDER Individuals are generally diagnosed with frotteuristic disorders only if: (1) their groping behaviour occurs over a period of at least six months and are coupled with recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies and urges and if (2) the fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress to oneself or others, and/or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning . Afflicted individuals generally start to develop frotteuristic disorder during adolescence.

5. WHO IS THE TYPICAL FROTTEUR? Most perpetrators are males aged 15-25 years old. Frotteurism has also been noted to be common among older, shy, socially or sexually inhibited individuals .

6. WHAT IS THE TREATMENT? Psychotherapy Behavioural Therapy Prescription of Medroxyprogesterone acetate sometimes.

7. PEDOPHILIA

8. DEFINITION Pedophilia  or  paedophilia  is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children, generally age 11 years or younger . As a medical diagnosis, specific criteria for the disorder extend the cut-off point for pre-pubescence to age 13.

9. The word  pedophilia  comes from the Greek:  παῖς, παιδός  ( paîs , paidós ), meaning "child“ , and φιλία ( philía ), "friendly love" or "friendship"

10. SYMPTOMS Recurrent, intense sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (generally age 13 years or younger) for a period of at least 6 months. The disorder causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The person is at least age 16 and at least 5 years older than the child in the first category.

11. CAUSES The causes of pedophilia (and other paraphilias ) are not known. There is some evidence that pedophilia may run in families, though it is unclear whether this stems from genetics or learned behavior . Behavioral learning models suggest that a child who is the victim or observer of inappropriate sexual behaviors learns to imitate and is later reinforced for the behavior .

12. TREATMENTS Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Behavioural Interventions Sex Drive Reduction

13. SEXUAL MASOCHISM

14. DEFINITION Sexual masochism is a disorder in which individuals use sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors involving the act (real, not simulated) of being humiliated, beaten or otherwise made to suffer in order to achieve sexual excitement and climax.

15. CAUSES There is no universally accepted cause or theory explaining the origin of sexual masochism, or sadomasochism in general . However, there are some theories that attempt to explain the presence of sexual paraphilias in general. One theory is based on learning theory that paraphilias originate because inappropriate sexual fantasies are suppressed.

16. SYMPTOMS / DIAGNOSIS The official DSM-IV criteria for sexual masochism are : Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act (real, not simulated) of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

17. TREATMENTS Behavior therapy  is often used to treat paraphilias . This can include management and conditioning of arousal patterns and masturbation. Therapies involving cognitive restructuring and  social skills training   are also utilized. Medication  is also used to reduce fantasies and behavior relating to paraphilias . This is especially true of people who exhibit severely dangerous masochistic behaviors .

18. SEXUAL SADISM

19. DEFINITION Sexual sadism disorder  is the condition of experiencing sexual arousal in response to the extreme pain, suffering, or humiliation of others.

20. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA A. Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors . B. The individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

21. CAUSES There is no universally accepted cause or theory explaining the origin of sexual sadism, or of sadomasochism. Some researchers attempt to explain the presence of sexual paraphilias in general as the result of biological factors. Evidence for this viewpoint comes from abnormal findings from neuropsychological and neurological tests of sex offenders.

22. SYMPTOMS Individuals with sexual sadism derive sexual excitement from physically or psychologically administering pain, suffering, and/or humiliation to another person, who may or may not be a consenting partner. They may experience distressed or impaired functioning because of the sadistic behaviors or fantasies. This distress or impairment may be due to the fact that the partner is not consenting.

23. TREATMENT Behavior therapy is often used to treat paraphilias . This approach to treatment may include the management and conditioning of arousal patterns and masturbation. Therapies involving cognitive restructuring and  social skills training  are also often utilized.

24. Medication may be used to reduce fantasies and behavior relating to paraphilias . This form of treatment is especially recommended for people who exhibit sadistic behaviors that are dangerous to others. The medications that may be used include female hormones (most commonly medroxyprogesterone acetate, or MPA), which speed up the clearance of testosterone from the bloodstream; antiandrogen medications, which block the body's uptake of testosterone; and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs.