Fruits: Parts and Classification

1. fruit

2. fruit A product of flowers usually developed as a result of flower being pollinated. Referred to as “ripened ovary”. Its primary function is to distribute seeds to new areas where the plant might grow (seed dispersal vehicle).

3. fruit Structure Classifications

4. structure A fruit is composed of the pericarp and the seed .

5. structure SEED PERICARP

6. structure Pericarp is the ovary wall which surrounds the seed (seed container). It has three regions: exocarp / epicarp , mesocarp , endocarp.

7. structure Parts of the Pericarp : Exocarp / Epicarp - outer part, skin of the fruit Mesocarp - middle part, flesh of the fruit. Endocarp - inner part, encloses the seed.

8. structure

9. structure

10. structure

11. structure

12. classifications Simple Fruits Aggregate Fruits Multiple Fruits

13. classifications Simple Fruits Developed from one single ovary containing one or more carpels and may or may not include additional accessory structure.

14. Simple fruits Fleshy Fruits Its pericarp and accessory parts develop into succulent tissues. One or more layers of the pericarp become soft during ripening. Its pericarp is fleshy at maturity (soft pericarp ).

15. Fleshy fruits Berries Have one to many seeds and a pericarp that becomes soft and often sweet and slimy as it matures. Grapes, eggplant, tomatoes, green peppers, blueberries, mangosteens , guavas, bananas, ampalaya , papaya

16. Fleshy fruits Hesperidia Have leathery pericarp that produces fragrant oils and soft segmented pulp. All citrus fruits

17. Fleshy fruits Pepos Have thick or hard exocarp . Have a receptacle that partially or completely encloses the ovary. Pumpkins, cucumber, squashes, cantaloupes, watermelons

18. Fleshy fruits Pomes (Accessory Fruit) Its bulk is formed from a swollen receptacle. Have a thin exocarp and a papery cartilaginous mesocarp . Pears, apples

19. Simple fruits Dehiscent Dry Fruits Have hard texture and wood-like leathery appearance. Split open at maturity to shed seeds.

20. Dehiscent dry fruits Follicles Have single carpel. Open along one seam when the seeds are to be released. Milkweed, columbines, peonies, magnolia

21. Dehiscent dry fruits Legumes/Pods Derive from a single carpel. Split into two seed-bearing halves. Garden peas, beans, peanut, mesquite

22. Siliques Seeds reside on a partition between halves of the ovary. Mustard plant, watercress Dehiscent dry fruits

23. Dehiscent dry fruits Capsules Derived from compound ovaries. Two or more carpels , split along seams or forming caps or pores. Eucalyptus, horse chestnut, kapok

24. Simple fruits Indehiscent Dry Fruits Have hard texture and wood-like leathery appearance. Remain closed at maturity, thus, leaves their seeds inside them

25. indehiscent dry fruits Nuts Have hard thick pericarp and a basal cup. Acorns, hickory nuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts

26. indehiscent dry fruits 2. Achenes Have thin pericarps and solitary seed. Seeds connect to the pericarp only at the base. Sunflowers, buttercups

27. indehiscent dry fruits 3. Samaras Have thin pericarps . Seeds occur in pairs and have wings that allow dispersal by the wind. Elm, ash, maple, narra

28. indehiscent dry fruits 4. Caryopses/Grains Have hard pericarp fastened to the embryo all the way around. Grass family

29. classifications Aggregate Fruit From one flower that produces many tiny fruits ( fruitlets ) clustered together ( etaerios ). Blackberries, strawberries, raspberries

30. classifications Multiple Fruit From many different flowers or cluster of flowers develop closely to form a bigger fruit. Pineapples, mulberries, figs, breadfuits , langka , atis , durian