Fuels and their types

Primary fuels – Fuels which occur naturally such as coal, crude petroleum and natural gas. Coal and crude petroleum, formed from organic matter many millions of years ago, are referred to as fossil fuels.
Secondary fuels – Fuels which are derived from naturally occurring ones by a treatment process such as coke, gasoline, coal gas etc.

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2. CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL 2 FUEL OCCURENCE PHYSICAL STATE

3. On the basis of occurrence 3 FUEL PRIMARY OR NATURAL FUEL S E CONDA R Y OR ARTIFICIAL FUEL

4. CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL Fuels are classified as 4 Primary fuels – F uels which occur naturally such as coal, crude petroleum and natural gas . Coal and crude petroleum, formed from organic matter many millions of years ago, are referred to as fossil fuels . Secondary fuels – F uels which are derived from naturally occurring ones by a treatment process such as coke , gasoline, coal gas etc .

5. On basis of physical state FUEL 5 SOLID LIQUID GAS

6. FU E L Primary Fuels Solid Eg. Wood,peat Liquid Eg.crude oil Gas Eg.Natural gas Secondary fuels Solid             EgC o ke , c har c oa l Liquid Eg. Petrol ,LPG Gas Eg.coal gas ,water gas 6

7. What are fossil fuels? 7 Solid Gas F ossil fuels took millions of years to form. Once they are used, we cannot replace  them. Most coal was formed from plants which grew 300 million years ago.  The time period is called CARBONIFEROUS. Liquid

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10. The ranking sequence is: W ood   Peat Lignite (brown coal) Bituminous Coal Anthracite In general, deposits close to the surface which can be worked by strip mining produce a more economical fuel than deep mined coal. 10

11. OIL (PETROLEUM) 12

12. How oil and gas were formed In the ocean - Plants use sun’s energy to survive and animals get their energy by eating plants Plants and animals in ocean die. The one’s that are not eaten fall to the bottom of the sea. A few millions of years later - layers of mud forms on top of the dead animals and plants Another few millions of years later - layers of sand builds up on top of the mud Pressure of all these layers of mud and sand squashes and turns in to mud stone Pressure of all these layers of mud and sand squashes and turns plants and animals to oil and natural gas Now, scientist burn oil and gas in power stations but this releases harmful gases 13

13. FOSSIL FUELS 85% of the world’s commercial energy C O AL OIL NATURAL GAS 14

14. Even though it was not made from dead plants or animals, nuclear fuel is considered to be a fossil fuel because it comes from the ground and is running out. 14 OIL and NATURAL GAS (Methane) Made from the decayed remains of sea creatures which died millions of years ago

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17. Advantages of N atural  G as Cleaner to burn Half as much CO2 as coal More efficient 10% energy lost 60-year supply at current rates 17

18. Disadvantages of N atural  G as 19 Difficult to transport Pipelines Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) tanker Can be polluting, dangerous when  extracted Methane bed drilling pollutes

19. THANKYOU Presented by Eswar Dutt Chennamsetti 18981A0350