full stack interview questions.pdf

"Full Stack Campus Institute is a premier educational institution dedicated to providing comprehensive and industry-relevant training in Full Stack development. Our curriculum is meticulously designed to cover both front-end and back-end technologies, ensuring our students become proficient in all aspects of web development.

Our institute boasts a team of experienced instructors who are industry veterans, bringing real-world experience to the classroom. We offer hands-on training, with a strong emphasis on practical projects and assignments that simulate real-world scenarios.

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Our state-of-the-art campus provides a conducive learning environment, equipped with the latest technology and resources. We also offer flexible learning options, including full-time, part-time, and remote learning to cater to the diverse needs of our students.

1. HTML/CSS
1.WhatisthepurposeofDoctypeinHTML?
○DoctypestandsforDocumentTypeDeclaration.Itinformstheweb
browserabouttheversionofHTMLthatthepageiswrittenin.
2.ExplaintheCSSboxmodel.
○TheCSSboxmodelisarectangularlayoutparadigmforHTMLelements
thatconsistsofthefollowing:content,padding,border,andmargin.
3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenidandclassinCSS?
○idisuniquetoeachelementandeachelementcanhaveonlyoneid,while
classcanbeusedtoidentifymultipleelements.
4.Howdoyoumakeawebsiteresponsive?
○Responsivedesigncanbeachievedthroughflexiblegridlayouts,flexible
images/media,andmediaqueries.
JavaScript5.WhatisaclosureinJavaScript?
●Aclosureisafunctionthathasaccesstoitsownscope,theouterfunction’s
scope,andtheglobalscope.
6.Whatisthedifferencebetween==and===inJavaScript?
○==checksforequalitywithtypecoercion,while===checksforequality
withouttypecoercion,i.e.,itchecksforbothvalueandtype.
7.WhatistheuseofbindmethodinJavaScript?
○Thebindmethodcreatesanewfunctionthat,whencalled,hasitsthis
keywordsettotheprovidedvalue.
8.ExplainhowthiskeywordworksinJavaScript.
○thiskeywordreferstoanobjectthat’ssetatthecreationofanew
executioncontext(functioninvocation).
FrontendFrameworks9.WhatisthevirtualDOMinReact?
●ThevirtualDOMisaprogrammingconceptwhereanideal,or“virtual”,
representationofaUIiskeptinmemoryandsyncedwiththe“real”DOM.
10.WhatisadirectiveinAngular?
●DirectivesaremarkersonaDOMelementthattellAngulartoattachaspecified
behaviortothatDOMelementoreventransformtheDOMelementandits
children.
BackendLanguage11.WhatisNode.js?

2. ●Node.jsisaplatformbuiltonChrome’sJavaScriptruntimeforeasilybuildingfast
andscalablenetworkapplications.
12.WhatisExpress.js?
●Express.jsisaminimalandflexibleNode.jswebapplicationframeworkthat
providesarobustsetoffeaturesforwebandmobileapplications.
Databases13.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSQLandNoSQLdatabases?
●SQLdatabasesarerelational,NoSQLarenon-relational.SQLdatabasesuse
structuredquerylanguageandhaveapredefined schema.NoSQLdatabases
havedynamicschemasforunstructureddata.
14.WhatareACIDpropertiesindatabases?
●ACIDstandsforAtomicity,Consistency,Isolation,Durability.Theseareasetof
propertiesthatguaranteethatdatabasetransactionsareprocessedreliably.
HTTP&REST15.WhatisthedifferencebetweenGETandPOSTmethodsinHTTP?
●GETisusedtorequestdatafromaspecified resource,POSTisusedtosenddata
toaservertocreate/updatearesource.
16.WhatisREST?
●RESTstandsforRepresentationalStateTransfer.Itisanarchitecturalstylefor
distributedhypermediasystemsandwasfirstpresentedbyRoyFieldingin2000
inhisfamousdissertation.
WebSecurity17.WhatisCross-SiteScripting(XSS)?
●Cross-SiteScripting(XSS)attacksareatypeofinjection,inwhichmalicious
scriptsareinjectedintootherwisebenignandtrustedwebsites.
18.WhatisCross-SiteRequestForgery(CSRF)?
●CSRFisanattackthattricksthevictimintosubmittingamaliciousrequest.It
usestheidentityandprivilegesofthevictimtoperformanundesiredfunctionon
theirbehalf.
DataStructuresandAlgorithms19.Whatisalinkedlist?
●Alinkedlistisalineardatastructurewhereeachelementisaseparateobject.
Eachelement(node)ofalistconsistsoftwoitems-thedataandareferenceto
thenextnode.
20.Whatisthetimecomplexityofbinarysearch?
●ThetimecomplexityofbinarysearchisO(logn).
SystemDesign21.Whatismicroservicesarchitecture?

3. ●Microservices-alsoknownasthemicroservicearchitecture-isanarchitectural
stylethatstructuresanapplicationasacollectionofservicesthatarehighly
maintainableandtestable,looselycoupled,independentlydeployable,organized
aroundbusinesscapabilities,andownedbyasmallteam.
22.Whatisaloadbalancer?
●Aloadbalancerisadevicethatactsasareverseproxyanddistributesnetwork
orapplicationtrafficacrossanumberofservers.
DevOps23.WhatisCI/CD?
●CI/CDstandsforContinuousIntegration/ContinuousDeployment.Itisamethod
tofrequentlydeliverappstocustomersbyintroducingautomationintothe
stagesofappdevelopment.
24.WhatisDocker?
●Dockerisanopenplatformfordeveloping,shipping,andrunningapplications.
Dockerenablesyoutoseparateyourapplicationsfromyourinfrastructuresoyou
candeliversoftwarequickly.
25.WhatisKubernetes?
●Kubernetes,alsoknownasK8s,isanopen-sourcesystemforautomating
deployment,scaling,andmanagementofcontainerizedapplications.
FrontendFrameworks26.WhatisReduxinReact?
●ReduxisapredictablestatecontainerforJavaScriptapps.Ithelpsyouwrite
applicationsthatbehaveconsistently,runindifferentenvironments(client,server,
andnative),andareeasytotest.
27.WhatisVue.js?
●Vue.jsisaprogressiveJavaScriptframeworkforbuildinguserinterfaces.Unlike
othermonolithicframeworks,Vueisdesignedfromthegrounduptobe
incrementallyadoptable.
BackendLanguage28.WhatisDjango?
●Djangoisahigh-levelPythonwebframeworkthatencouragesrapiddevelopment
andclean,pragmaticdesign.
29.WhatisFlask?
●FlaskisamicrowebframeworkwritteninPython.Itisclassified asa
microframeworkbecauseitdoesnotrequireparticulartoolsorlibraries.
Databases30.WhatisMongoDB?

4. ●MongoDBisasource-availablecross-platformdocument-orienteddatabase
program.Classified asaNoSQLdatabaseprogram,MongoDBusesJSON-like
documentswithoptionalschemas.
31.WhatisPostgreSQL?
●PostgreSQL,alsoknownasPostgres,isafreeandopen-sourcerelational
databasemanagementsystememphasizingextensibilityandSQLcompliance.
HTTP&REST32.WhatisGraphQL?
●GraphQLisanopen-sourcedataqueryandmanipulationlanguageforAPIs,anda
runtimeforexecutingthosequerieswithyourexistingdata.
33.WhatisSOAP?
●SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol)isamessagingprotocolthatallows
programsthatrunondisparateoperatingsystemstocommunicatewitheach
other.
WebSecurity34.WhatisaJWT?
●JSONWebToken(JWT)isanopenstandard(RFC7519)thatdefinesacompact
andself-containedwayforsecurelytransmittinginformationbetweenpartiesas
aJSONobject.
35.WhatisHTTPS?
●HTTPSisanextensionoftheHypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP).Itisusedfor
securecommunicationoveracomputernetwork,andiswidelyusedonthe
Internet.
DataStructuresandAlgorithms36.Whatisabinarytree?
●Abinarytreeisatreedatastructureinwhicheachnodehasatmosttwochildren,
whicharereferredtoastheleftchildandtherightchild.
37.Whatisahashtable?
●Ahashtable,alsoknownasahashmap,isadatastructurethatimplementsan
associativearrayabstractdatatype,astructurethatcanmapkeystovalues.
SystemDesign38.WhatisaCDN?
●Acontentdeliverynetwork,orcontentdistributionnetwork(CDN),isa
geographicallydistributednetworkofproxyserversandtheirdatacenters.
39.Whatiscaching?
●Cachingistheprocessofstoringcopiesoffilesinacache,ortemporarystorage
location,sothattheycanbeaccessedmorequickly.
DevOps40.WhatisAWS?

5. ●AmazonWebServices(AWS)isasubsidiaryofAmazonprovidingon-demand
cloudcomputingplatformsandAPIstoindividuals,companies,and
governments,onameteredpay-as-you-gobasis.
41.WhatisAzure?
●MicrosoftAzure,commonlyreferredtoasAzure,isacloudcomputingservice
createdbyMicrosoftforbuilding,testing,deploying,andmanagingapplications
andservicesthroughMicrosoft-manageddatacenters.
42.WhatisGCP?
●GoogleCloudPlatform(GCP),offeredbyGoogle,isasuiteofcloudcomputing
servicesthatrunsonthesameinfrastructurethatGoogleusesinternallyforits
end-userproducts,suchasGoogleSearch,Gmail,filestorage,andYouTube.
43.WhatisJenkins?
●Jenkinsisanopensourceautomationserver.Ithelpsautomatethepartsof
softwaredevelopmentrelatedtobuilding,testing,anddeploying,facilitating
continuousintegrationandcontinuousdelivery.
44.WhatisGit?
●Gitisafreeandopensourcedistributedversioncontrolsystemdesignedto
handleeverythingfromsmalltoverylargeprojectswithspeedandefficiency.
45.WhatisDockerCompose?
●DockerComposeisatoolfordefiningandrunningmulti-containerDocker
applications.WithCompose,youuseaYAMLfiletoconfigur eyourapplication’s
services.
46.WhatisKubernetes?
●Kubernetes,alsoknownasK8s,isanopen-sourcesystemforautomating
deployment,scaling,andmanagementofcontainerizedapplications.
47.WhatisTerraform?
●Terraformisanopen-sourceinfrastructureascodesoftwaretoolthatprovidesa
consistentCLIworkflow tomanagehundredsofcloudservices.
48.WhatisAnsible?
●Ansibleisanopen-sourcesoftwareprovisioning,configur ationmanagement,and
application-deploymenttoolenablinginfrastructureascode.
49.WhatisNagios?
●Nagiosisafreeandopensourcecomputer-softwareapplicationthatmonitors
systems,networksandinfrastructure.
50.WhatisELKStack?
●ELKStackisacollectionofthreeopen-sourceproducts—Elasticsearch,
Logstash,andKibana.Theyarealldeveloped,managed,andmaintainedbythe
companyElastic.
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