Function and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients.pptx

Function and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in soil

1. FUNCTION AND DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OF MICRONUTRIENTS Dr . Abhishek Tiwari Aditya Kumar Giri Assistant Professor M.Sc. Ag. (Hort.) Vegetable Science ( Department of Soil Science ) 1 st Semester, 1 st Year CSJM University (SAAST) Batch: 2024-26 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY :

2. Index Function & Deficiency symptoms of Chlorine (Cl) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Iron (Fe) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Boron (B) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Manganese (Mn) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Zinc (Zn) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Copper (Cu) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Nickel (Ni) Function & Deficiency symptoms of Molybdenum (Mo)

3. Function of Chlorine Photosynthesis: As a part of chlorophyll, it absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Water balance: It helps regulating water balance and turgor pressure in plant cells. Ion uptake: It facilitates the uptake of essential ions like K, Ca and Mg. Osmotic regulation: It helps to maintain osmotic balance, ensuring proper cell growth and expansion. Enzyme activation: It activates enzymes involved in photosynthesis, respiration and other metabolic process. Stress tolerance: Chlorine enhance plant tolerance to stressors like drought, salinity and extreme temperatures. Disease resistant: It creates disease resistance by increasing osmotic pressure in cell sap.

4. Deficiency of Chlorine Chlorosis of the younger leaves. Loss of leaf turgor and partial wilting of the plants Necrosis, leaf bronzing Reduction in root growth Failure to fruiting Plant growth stunted Stress sensitivity increased

5. Function of Iron It helps in synthesis of Chlorophyll. Structural component of porphyrin molecule like cytochromes, hematin, hemes, ferrochrome and leghaemoglobin. These substances are involved in oxidation and reduction reaction in respiration and photosynthesis. Structural component of non heme compound like ferredoxins. It plays an essential role in nucleic acid metabolism. Constituent of enzyme systems. e.g. cytochrome oxidase, catalase, nitrogenase reaction in plants. Component of flavoprotein like FMN = Flavin Mono Nucleotides FAD = Flavin Adenosine Dinucleotide

6. Deficiency of Iron As Fe is immobile in the plant, its deficiency symptom is manifested on young leaves. Interveinal chlorosis appearing first on the younger leaves with leaf margins and veins remaining green. In later stage burning of the chlorotic leaves starts from tips and margin and spread inwards. The chlorotic leaves may become white and the leaf tissue devoid of chlorophyll die.

7. Function of Boron Boron is required by plants for proper development and the differentiation of tissue, particularly the growing tip and xylem. Boron enhance cellular activity such as cell division, differentiation and maturation. Boro helps in the germination and growth of pollen grains and also the development of pollen tube thus facilitating fertilization in plant and grain yield formation. Important for maintaining a balance between sugar and starch. It helps in translocation of sugar and carbohydrates. It is essential for seeds and cell wall formation in plants. It regulates plant hormone level. It promotes maturity.

8. Deficiency of Boron Terminal bud death: death of growing tip leads to stunted appearance. Leaf deformation: Curled, twisted or distorted leaves. Chlorosis: Yellowing or pale green coloration of leaves. Necrotic spots: Small, dead spots on leaves and stem. Cracked stem and fruits: Boron is essential for development of cell wall so deficiency can lead to cracks. Reduced fruit set and Yield: Boron is important for pollination and fertilization. Male Sterility, Delayed maturity

9. Function of Manganese It helps in the formation of chlorophyll. Involves in photosynthesis particularly in evolution of O 2 Essential constituent of nitrate reductase & hydroxylamine reductase. Activation of enzymes (Mallic dehydrogenase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase) participating in the Kelvin cycle. Accelerate germination. Accelerate maturity. Absorbed by plant roots as manganous ion. Normal conc. of the element in plants from 20-50 ppm.

10. Deficiency of Manganese In addition to interveinal chlorosis on young leaves, grey or tan necrosis spot develops in chlorosis area. Oats: Gray specks/streaks Peas: Marsh spot Sugar beet: Speckled yellow Sugarcane: Pahala blight Plant containing less than 25 ppm Mn then deficiency symptoms will occurs. Immobile in plant and deficiency starts in younger leaves. Reduced lignification of stem wood in the trees causing lateral branches to weep.

11. Function of Zinc Zinc is an essential component of three enzymes- Carbonic anhydrase Alcoholic dehydrogenase. Superoxide dismutase: for energy production, protein synthesis and growth regulation. Important in IAA synthesis. Essential for water uptake. Play important role in stabilization of protein. Biosynthesis of chlorophyll and some carbohydrates. Integral components of enzymes. Mitigation of abiotic stress.

12. Deficiency of Zinc Interveinal chlorosis and reduction in the size of the young leaves. In acute deficiency, younger leaves show necrosis and dead spot. Dicot plant show, short internodes and decrease in leaf expansion (Little leaf) Premature leaves drop, Bud fall off Less seed formation Khaira disease in rice White bud in maize Little leaf in cotton Mottled leaf of citrus or Frenching of citrus

13. Function of Copper Copper is necessary for carbohydrates and nitrogen metabolism. It acts as electron carrier in enzymes which brings about oxidation-reduction reaction in plants. Component of large number of proteins and enzymes like plastocyanin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Diamine oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, Ascorbate oxidase. Utilization of iron in chlorophyll synthesis. Enhance the fertility of male flower. Enhance disease resistance in plants. Almost similar to that of Fe. Promote formation of Vitamin-A in plants. Biosynthesis & activity of ethylene in ripening fruits.

14. Deficiency of Copper While younger leaves have interveinal chlorosis, the tip and lobes of leaves remain green followed by veinal chlorosis and rapid, extensive necrosis of leaf blade. Poor pigmentation in plants. Narrow, twisted leaves and pale white tips. Interveinal Chlorotic mottling of leaves Empty glumes in wheat. Die-back in citrus Reclamation of rice

15. Function of Nikel Facilitates transport of nutrients to seed grains Help plant to produce chlorophyll. Component of some plant enzymes most notably urease. Metabolizes Urea nitrogen in to useable ammonia with in the plant. It plays important role in iron metabolism of plants. Increased root growth and biomass accumulation. Higher shoot growth and biomass Stomatal regulation and gas exchange attributes.

16. Deficiency of Nikel Decreases ammonia acid content Leaves discolour when the soil is deficient. Plant growth is stunted. Show symptoms on old leaves. Nikel deficiency causes urea toxicity in plants. Reduced nodule formation. Altered hormone balance. Reduced fruit production and quality. Distorted and curl leaves.

17. Function of Molybdenum Also known as ultra-micronutrient or nano nutrient as it is needed in the smallest amount by plant. Essential component of enzyme nitrate reductase in plants. (Nitrogen assimilation) Structural component of nitrogenase (N-fixation by root nodule & bacteria) Essential role in Fe absorption & translocation in plants. Involved in conversion of inorganic P to organic form in plants. (Phosphorus assimilation) Content of Mo in most agricultural soils is usually between 0.6-3.5 ppm with an average Mo content of 2.0 ppm & an average available Molybdenum content of 0.2 ppm.

18. Deficiency of Molybdenum As Mo is immobile in the plant, its deficiency is manifested on younger leaves. Deficiency symptoms resembles N deficiency but occurs in younger leaves. Leaves become pale and eventually wither. Restricted growth. Inhibit N fixation in legumes. Yellow spot of citrus leaves. Cauliflower exhibits whiptail. Tomato – Chlorotic mottling

19. References https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/functions-and-deficiency-of-manganese-and-molybednum/146607112 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/functions-and-deficiency-symptoms-of-copper-and-chlorine-in-plants/146607086 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/functions-and-deficiency-of-iron-boron-and-zinc/146607108 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0981942818304522 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/essential-nutrients-for-plants-their-function-and-deficiency-symptoms-1/239612937

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