Function , Core competencies and scope of public health

Function of public health
Core competencies of public health
Scope of public health

1. Function of Public Health Core competencies of Public Health Scope of Public Health Sirjana Tiwari School of Health and Allied Sciences Pokhara University

2. Function of Public Health 1 . Assessment ‰ Monitor health status to identify community health problems Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community and evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services 2. Policy Development Inform , Educate, and Empower People About Health Issues Mobilize Community Partnerships to Identify and Solve Health Problems Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety . 3. Assurance Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce Evaluate Effectiveness, Accessibility, and Quality of Personal and Population-Based Health Services

3. Fig: Function of Public Health

4. Function of Public Health Assessment ‰ Monitor health status to identify community health problems Accurate, periodic assessment of the community’s health status Identification of health risks Attention to vital statistics and disparities Identification of assets and resources Use of methods and technology (e.g., mapping technology) to interpret and communicate data Maintenance of population health registries

5. Function of Public Health Assessment ‰ Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community Timely identification and investigation of health threats Availability of diagnostic services, including laboratory capacity Response plans to address major health threat

6. Function of Public Health Policy Development Inform, Educate, and Empower People About Health Issues Initiatives using health education and communication sciences to Build knowledge and shape attitudes Inform decision-making choices Develop skills and behaviors for healthy living Health education and health promotion partnerships within the community to support healthy living Media advocacy and social marketing

7. Function of Public Health Policy Development Mobilize Community Partnerships to Identify and Solve Health Problems Constituency development Identification of system partners and stakeholders Coalition development Formal and informal partnerships to promote health improvement

8. Function of Public Health Policy Development Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts Policy development to protect health and guide public health practice Community and state improvement planning Emergency response planning Alignment of resources to assure successful planning

9. Function of Public Health Policy Development Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety . Review, evaluation, and revision of legal authority, laws, and regulations Education about laws and regulations Advocating for regulations needed to protect and promote health Support of compliance efforts and enforcement as needed

10. Function of Public Health Assurance Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable Identification of populations with barriers to care Effective entry into a coordinated system of clinical care Ongoing care management Culturally appropriate and targeted health information for at risk population groups Transportation and other enabling service

11. Function of Public Health Assurance Assure a Competent Public and Personal Healthcare Workforce Assessing the public health and personal health workforce Maintaining public health workforce standards Efficient processes for licensing /credentialing requirements Use of public health competencies Continuing education and life-long learning Leadership development Cultural competence

12. Function of Public Health Assurance Evaluate Effectiveness, Accessibility, and Quality of Personal and Population-Based Health Services Evaluation must be ongoing and should examine Personal health services Population based services The public health system Quality Improvement Performance Management

13. Function of Public Health Assurance Research for New Insights and Innovative Solutions to Health Problems Identification and monitoring of innovative solutions and cutting-edge research to advance public health Linkages between public health practice and academic/research settings Epidemiological studies, health policy analyses and public health systems research

14. Core Competencies of Public Health Core competencies are the fundamental knowledge, skills and  attributes a person or organization holds that allow an individual or company to succeed and grow. In the public health sector, core public health competencies allow the workforce to operate effectively and carry out the core function of public health including population health assessment, monitoring, health promotion, disease and injury prevention, health protection and emergency preparedness. Some public health employers may refer to the core competencies to develop job descriptions in postings, performance objectives and assessment, and workforce development plans to ensure a skilled workforce

15. Core Competencies of Public Health Seven core competencies of Public Health are : Biostatistics  Environmental Health Sciences Epidemiology Health Policy and Management Social and Behavioral Sciences Critical thinking Problem solving

16. Biostatistics Competencies in biostatistics enable public health professionals to address and solve problems in public health by analyzing and interpreting data and applying statistical reasoning and methods.

17. Critical thinking

18. Problem Solving

19. Epidemiology Epidemiology Often associated with public health and public health degree programs, the epidemiology competency is the ability to study diseases and injury within populations

20. Environmental Health Sciences This competency focuses on how biological, physical and chemical environmental factors affect human health.

21. Health Policy and Management It’s the ability to use both a managerial and a policy perspective to focus on the delivery, accessibility, quality, organization and health care costs for individuals and populations.

22. Social and Behavioral Sciences This competency in public health examines how behavioral, social, and cultural matters contribute to public health issues.

23. Emerging public health Competencies Evidence-based approaches to public health  Public health and health care systems Planning and management to promote health Policy in public health  Leadership Communication Inter-professional practice Systems thinking

24. Emerging public health Competencies Evidence-based approaches to public health  Apply epidemiological methods to the breadth of settings and situations in public health practice. Select quantitative and qualitative data collection methods appropriate for a given public health context. Analyze quantitative and qualitative data using biostatistics, informatics, computer-based programming and software, as appropriate. Interpret the results of data analysis for public health research, policy, or practice.

25. E merging public health Competencies Public health and health care systems Compare the organization, structure, and function of health care, public health and regulatory systems across national and international settings. Discuss how structural bias, social inequities and racism undermine health and create challenges for achieving health equity at the organizational, community and societal levels .

26. Emerging public health Competencies Planning and management to promote health Assess population needs, assets and capacities that affect communities’ health. Apply awareness of cultural values and practices to the design or implementation of public health policies or programs. Design a population-based policy, program, project or intervention. Explain the basic principles and tools of budget and resource management. Select methods to evaluate public health programs.

27. Emerging public health Competencies Policy in public health  Discuss multiple dimensions of the policy-making process, including the roles of ethics and evidence. Propose strategies to identify stakeholders and build coalitions and partnerships for influencing public health outcomes. Advocate for political, social or economic policies and programs that will improve health in diverse populations. Evaluate policies for their impact on public health and health equity .

28. Emerging public health Competencies Leadership Apply principles of leadership, governance, and management, which include creating a vision, empowering others, fostering collaboration and guiding decision making. Apply negotiation and mediation skills to address organizational or community challenges

29. Emerging public health Competencies Communication Select communication strategies for different audiences and sectors. Communicate audience-appropriate public health content, in writing and through oral presentation. Describe the importance of cultural competence in communicating public health content.

30. Emerging public health Competencies Inter-professional practice Perform effectively on interprofessional teams. Systems thinking Apply systems thinking tools to a public health issue.

31. Scope of Public Health

32. Scope of Public Health Infectious disease prevention to chronic disease prevention, Mental health Bio-terrorism Demography Environmental health Health financing Addressing social determinants of health & health policy

33. Scope of Public Health Infection prevention to chronic disease prevention , Immunization and child vaccination Hygiene and sanitation Safe food and safe water distribution Safe sex practice Screening Surveillance Outbreak investigation Limiting contact with infectious persons eg in outbreak Communicable disease reporting Compulsory treatment orders Incorporating human rights protections into quarantine and isolation laws

34. Scope of Public Health Infection prevention to chronic disease prevention ,

35. Scope of Public Health Mental health Mental health research Examine stress, anxiety, depression, self-harm and suicide. Technology and social media and its impacts on bullying and self-image, issues of loneliness and isolation.

36. Scope of Public Health Bio-terrorism The use of biological weapons in war . in the middle ages, corpses of plague victims were catapulted into castles under siege. Near 2011 , anthrax was used to contaminate the US postal system, resulting in several deaths. Scope of public health Identification of the event. This can be achieved by generating awareness, having high degree of suspicion and having a good surveillance system to assist quick detection. The five phases of public health activities in dealing with a bioterrorist attack are preparedness phase, early warning phase, notification phase, response phase and recovery phase.

37. Scope of Public Health Demography Demography is concerned with this essential ‘numbering of the people’ and with understanding population dynamics—how populations change in response to the interplay between fertility, mortality, and migration. making the forecasts about future population size and structure to analyse of both the present and the future necessitates a review of the past. The size of the population as a whole to determine fertility, mortality ,migration etc.

38. Scope of Public Health Environmental health Hygiene promotion and sanitation plan: Water source sanitation and hygiene Plan Latrine management plan Waste disposal and management plan Shelter planning:  Shelters will be equipped with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN)

39. Scope of Public Health Health financing Health economics and outcomes research  Economic evaluation : Demand vs supply, Cost-Minimization Analysis , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Cost utility Analysis, Cost-benefit Analysis Efficient and equitable allocation of healthcare resources in public health.

40. Scope of Public Health Addressing social determinants of health & health policy Social determinants of health  research The influences and interactions of personal characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity, disability and hereditary factors), Social and community networks (family and wider social circles), Living and working conditions (work, housing, education), and General socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions (taxation, availability of work) on public health and well-being.

41. Other Scope of public Health Health Promotion Mass media advertisement Campaigning on health issues Patient education Environmental safety measures . Public Policy issues Physical health Preventive and curative medical approach Health enhancing facilities in local communities IEC materials dissemination Awareness programs through various methods and media . Counseling for the affected ones

42. Other Scope of public Health Epidemiology Identifying the causes of disease Determining the natural history of disease Studying the biologic spectrum of disease Identifying patterns and trends of disease occurrence Improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of clinical disease Measuring the extent of disease in a population Determining preventable causes of disease Evaluating health interventions at different levels Setting disease control priorities in the communities

43. Other Scope of public Health Biostatistics Morbidity rate Mortality rate  Disability rate   Percentage of the injured ones Percentage of the infectious disease

44. Other Scope of public Health Nutrition Nutritional plan will be conducted to manage malnutrition and various nutritional disorders . Safe food and water distribution plan: especially on food insecurity areas. Provision of appropriate and sufficient water containers to reduce the risk of cholera and other diarrhoeal diseases Support for appropriate feeding for malnutrition management through the distribution of foods .

45. Other Scope of public Health Digital health  including   studies that address digital (e-health) interventions and their applications in public health. We welcome research which seeks to improve public health through the application of novel technology at the personal, community and global levels. Dental public health  including   studies on the prevention and control of oral disease and the promotion of oral health through organised community efforts.

46. Other Scope of public Health Disaster and emergency preparedness and response  including   studies examining measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters. We welcome research on the organization and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery).

47. Other Scope of public Health Health communication  including   studies examining the use of communication strategies to inform and influence decisions and actions to improve health; this includes the practice of communicating promotional health information, such as in public health campaigns and public health education.

48. Other Scope of public Health Injury and violence prevention including studies which address the social and behavioral influences on unintentional injuries, such as falls, drowning and motor vehicle crashes and violence such as bullying and child maltreatment. 

49. Other Scope of public Health Health policies, systems and management  including studies looking at the impact of health policies, practices and interventions on communities in high- and low and middle-income countries. Infectious disease epidemiology  including   studies on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and the use of public health interventions for their control.

50. Other Scope of public Health Maternal and child health  including studies   on all aspects of maternal public health, also going beyond pregnancy and childbirth. We welcome research in the field of child and adolescent public health that seek to help improve the complete health of people in the age range of infants to young adults.

51. Other Scope of public Health Physical activity and health  including   studies examining the relationship between physical activity and health. We welcome research examining how behavioral, community, and environmental interventions may affect physical activity on a population level. Public health informatics  including studies on the use of information technology in enabling effective monitoring and surveillance, supporting improved decision-making, and improving population health.

52. Other Scope of public Health Public health informatics  including studies on the use of information technology in enabling effective monitoring and surveillance, supporting improved decision-making, and improving population health.

53. Thank You 53