Functional English(What is functional English)

1. F u n c t i o n a l English

2. What is Functional English Functional English refers to the ability to use English language skills effectively in real-world s i t u a t i o n s , s u ch a s s c h oo l , w o r k , s o c i a l i n t e r a c t i o n s , a n d d a i l y t a s k s .

3. What is Functional English The goal of functional English is improving communication to accomplish practical objectives. For example: W r i t i n g a p r o f e ss i o na l e m a i l t o a c o ll e a g u e Reading and comprehending instructions for operating machinery M a k i n g s m a l l t a l k w i t h c o w o r k e r s a r o u n d t h e o ff i c e P l a c i n g a n o r d e r a t a r e s t a u r an t

4. What is Functional English The focus of functional english is using English grammar, vocabulary, speaking, and listening appropriately based on the context, rather than perfect textbook English. It involves applying language skills to interact and exchange information clearly. Proficiency in functional English allows better integration into professional, academic, and social life.

5. B e n e f i t s o f f u n c t i o n a l E n g l i s h Improved communication skills Functional English allows you to express y o u r t h o u g h t s , i d e a s , a n d n ee d s m o r e c l e a r l y a n d e ff e c t i v e l y . I t e n h a n c e s y o u r a b i l i t y t o b e u n d e r s t oo d a n d e x ch a n g e i n f o r m a t i o n accurately.

6. Greater professional opportunities I t e n a b l e s y o u t o a c t i v e l y p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e w o r k p l a c e through meetings, presentations, emails, d o c u me n t a t i o n , a n d m o r e .

7. When you can express yourself and grasp conversations e ff e c t i v e l y , y o u f ee l m o r e c o n f i d e n t s o c i a ll y a n d p r o f e ss i o n a ll y . F u n c t i o n a l E n g l i s h r e d u c e s u n c e r t a i n t y a n d d e p e n d e n c e i n i n t e r a c t i o n s . C o mm u n i c a t i o n d r i v e s h u m a n c o nn e c t i o n a n d f u n c t i o n a l E n g l i s h s k i ll s h e l p y o u c o nn e c t . S e n s e o f c o n f i d e n c e Personal growth

8. Having a robust vocabulary is crucial for articulate communication. Individuals with expansive vocabularies can understand and express more complex ideas with precision. They can read and comprehend higher-level texts. Building your vocabulary involves learning new words, understanding their contextual usage , and actively using them. With consistent effort, you can continuously improve y o u r v o c a b u l a r y o v e r t i m e . I m p o r t a n c e o f b u i l d i n g a s t r o n g v o c a b u l a r y

9. Some effective strategies for improving your vocabulary include u s i n g a d i c t i o n a r y p r a c t i c e n e w w o r d s r e a d i n g t e x t s w i t h h i g h e r - l e v e l v o c a b u l a r y s t u d y i n g w o r d r oo t s a n d p r e f i x e s / s u ff i x e s m a i n t a i n i n g a l i s t o f n e w w o r d s Common strategies for expanding vocabulary

10. To learn vocabulary effectively, read widely, lookup words you don ' t know, study prefixes/suffixes/roots, use flashcards and repetition, apply new words in context, review frequently, and replace overused words with more precise synonyms. Avoid simply memorizing definitions - focus on understanding words deeply and u s i n g t h e m p r o p e r l y . T i p s f o r l e a r n i n g a n d u s i n g n e w v o c a b u l a r y effectively

11. Synonyms are words that have the same or very similar definitions. F o r e x a m p l e , " s m a ll " a n d " t i n y " a r e s y n o n y m s . B a d : a w f u l , t e rr i b l e , h o rr i b l e . G oo d : f i n e , e x c e ll e n t , g r e a t . H o t : b u r n i n g , f i e r y , b o i l i n g Using synonyms helps avoid repetition and makes your speech and writing more interesting. Synonyms

12. Antonyms are words with opposite meanings For example, " hot " and " cold " are antonyms. Artificial – Natural. Arrive – Depart. Argue – Agree. Antonyms also allow you to demonstrate contrasts in your speech and writing more sharply. Antonyms

13. Idioms are expressions that have figurative meanings apart from the literal words. F o r e x a m p l e , " i t ' s r a i n i n g c a t s a n d d o g s " It doesn ' t mean actual cats and dogs are falling from the sky - it means it ' s raining heavily Mastering idioms improves spoken and written English fluency. But take care not to u s e i d i o m s i n c o rr e c t l y o r i n i m p r o p e r c o n t e x t s . Idioms

14. C o mm u n i c a t iv e g r a mm a r f o c u s e s o n u s i n g g r a mm a r a n d l a n g u a g e s t r u c t u r e s accurately and effectively to convey your meaning. Proper grammar helps avoid confusion, enhances clarity, and makes writing more polished. It include: subject-verb agreement v e r b t e n s e s fragments Communicative grammar

15. run-ons modifiers articles w o r d c l a ss e s Communicative grammar

16. Subject-verb agreement refers to the rule that singular subjects pair with singular verbs, while plural subjects pair with plural verbs. H e r e a r e s o m e e xa m p l e s o f p r o p e r s u b j e c t - v e r b a g r ee m e n t : T h e b o y r u n s . T h e c a t s m e o w . She writes. J o h n a n d S u s a n g o . T h e s t u d e n t s s t u d y . Mathematics is challenging. S u b j e c t - v e r b a g r ee m e n t

17. The students is learning grammar. (Incorrect - " students " is plural) The head of marketing give presentations. (Incorrect - " head " is singular) The herd of zebra run across the plains. (Incorrect - " herd " is singular) My brother and his friends lives in the city. (Incorrect - " brother and friends " is plural) C o mm o n s u b j e c t - v e r b a g r ee m e n t e rr o r s

18. Verb tenses indicate when an action takes place. Here are some examples of proper subject-verb agreement: Past tense - Expresses actions completed in the past (e.g. walked, ate, ran) Present tense - Expresses current actions (e.g. walking, eating, running) Future tense - Expresses future actions (e.g. will walk, will eat, will run) Verb tenses

19. Use the past tense for actions already completed before now. E.g. " Yesterday I walked to the park. " Use the present tense for actions happening currently or habitual actions. E.g. " I take the bus to work each day. " Use the future tense for actions that will occur later. E.g. " Tomorrow I will finish the project. " For example P a s t : Y e s t e r d a y I w a l k e d t o t h e s t o r e . P r e s e n t : I a m w a l k i n g t o t h e m a il b o x n o w . Future: Tomorrow I will ride my bike to the park. W h en t o u s e e a c h v e r b t e n s e

20. A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence missing a subject or verb. Fragments cannot express a complete thought. Examples: Walking down the street. (No subject) T h e t a l l m a n . ( N o v e r b ) Because the weather was nice. (Dependent clause) Sentence fragment

21. Run-on sentences join two or more independent clauses improperly without punctuation or conjunctions. For example: M y c a r b r o k e d o w n I t oo k t h e b u s t o w o r k . T h e w e a t h e r w a s n i c e t o d a y t h e k i d s p l a y e d o u t s i de . R u n - o n s e n t e n c e s

22. Modifiers include words, phrases, or clauses that provide details about other sentence elements . A d j e c t i v e s m o d i f y n o u n s a d v e r b s m o d i f y v e r b s prepositional phrases act as adjectives or adverbs Proper placement of modifiers clarifies what is being modified. Misplaced modifiers create confusion and logical errors. Using modifiers effectively adds descriptive details to your writing. M o d i f i e r s

23. Articles are words used before nouns to specify them as definite or indefinite. A/an - indefinite article, means one nonspecific thing E.g. " A dog was barking. " The - definite article, refers to a specific noun E.g. " The dog was lost. " W h e n t o u s e a , a n v s t h e Use " a/an " the first time referring to a general noun: " I s a w a h o r s e i n t h e f i e l d . " Use " the " to refer to something already specified: " T h e h o r s e w a s b r o w n . " Articles

24. N o u n - p e r s o n , p l a c e , h i n g o r i d e a E . g . d o c t o r , L o n d o n , t a b l e Pr o n o u n - r e p l a c e s a n o u n E . g . s h e , t h e m , i t s e l f V e r b - a c t i o n w o r d E . g . r u n , t h i n k , f ee l Adjective - describes a noun E.g. red, quick, interesting Adverb - describes a verb E.g. slowly, carefully, quickly P a r t s o f s p ee c h i n E n g l i s h

25. Pr e p o s i t i o n - r e l a t e s n o u n s s p a t i a ll y E . g . o n , u n de r , b e s i d e C o n j u n c t i o n - c o nn e c t s w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s E . g . a n d , b u t , b e c a u s e Interjection – exc la mation or greeting E . g . o h , h i , w o w P a r t s o f s p ee c h i n E n g l i s h