Fundamental positions and their derived positions

Basic fundamental position and drive position for better understanding and learning.

1. FUNDAMENTAL AND THEIR DERIVED POSITIONS Prepared By Navaid us Saba

2. Movement can be initiated from a wide variety of Starting positions or static positions. 

3. Fundamental position The   positions   that are maintained by static contraction of the muscles which stabilize the joints and support the body in certain position is term as   fundamental position.

4. Derivative

5. Standing I t is the most difficult potion among all the fundamental position, as the base of support (BOS) is small and the center of gravity (COG) is high. Body is erect with arms by the sides. The feet are slightly apart at the toes. Pass anterior to S2 vertebra

6. Standing

7. High Standing It is defined as standing on the stool or in any raised platform. The position is usually stabilized by allowing one to grasp a support.

8. Step Standing Standing with one foot on a higher level than the other. Mostly used for teaching weight transference before walking upstairs.

9. Half Standing Standing on one leg with the hip hitched up or one leg is bent at the hip and knee. Whole weight of the body is supported on one leg; the other one maybe free or supported in a variety of position.

10. Close Standing The feet are together and parallel, harder to maintain than standing. T he base is slightly reduced because the axes of the ankle joints are no longer at an angle to each other, but together form a single long axis which results in increased interplay of muscles in front of and behind the joints.

11. Toe Standing Standing up with both bare feet on the floor, perform heel raises. Centre of gravity(COG) increases. Base of support(BOS) decreases.

12. FORWARD LEAN SITTING Forward lean sitting  or standing: back straight , bend  forward  from hips, rest forearms on windowsill or table . Shoulders relaxed. Don't rest on hands with outstretched arms which causes shoulder tension. ...   Sitting  upright in chair: arms supported on chair arms or cushions. The trunk is inclined forwards and the head Is supported on pillow on a table at front.

13. HALF SITTING This is the most comfortable of positions with highest stability. A position in which only one buttock is supported and the leg on the side of unsupported buttock is usually bent at the knee.

14. LONG SITTING One sits with legs fully extended and supported for the whole of their length. It is an uncomfortable position for one to maintain. Trunk and thighs at right angle.

15. LYING Also called recumbency or prostration, is a supine position of body with arms by the side and legs straight. A position in which body is most supported along its length by the surface underneath.

16. DERIVED POSITIONS OF LYING

17. SIDE LYING Body turn at one side with under arm by the side and legs straight due to which the base is small and rounded. Rarely used position as it is difficult both to perform and to maintain. 2.RIGHT LATERAL POSITION 1.LEFT LATERAL POSITION - After some modifications in this position the body passes in turning movements

18. PRONE LYING Prone is a body position in which the person  lies  flat with the chest down and the back up . The supine position is the 180° contrast.

19. QUARTER TURN LYING The body is turned through 45 degrees from either lying, side lying or prone lying. Down the raised side of the trunk a pillow is used as a support.

20. SIDE LYING A trunk is supported in the oblique position by inclination of the long end of the plinth or by arrangement of pillows in which the legs are supported horizontally. This is a standard position in which most patients are propped up in the bed.

21. HALF SIDE LYING The trunk and head are turned onto one side so that patient rest on one buttock and leg and that side of the trunk.

22. KNEELING This is similar to the fundamental position of standing but the weight is transmitted through the knee joint, due to right angle alignment of knee to the body. The lower legs rest on the floor with the feet plantar flexed. A difficult position to maintain for a longer period of time.

23. KNEEL SITTING Position in which thighs are nearly horizontal and buttocks sit back on the heels with the upper body vertical. The k nees and hip are flexed so that sit on their heels.

24. SIDE SITTING From kneel sitting the buttocks are moved sideways so that one or both buttocks rest on the floor beside the feet.

25. HALF KNEELING A posture in which the down knee is stacked underneath the hip The other foot is planted in a line with the same knee and hip. The leg taken forward makes a right angle with the hip, knee and ankle.

26. PRONE KNEELING Kneeling supported all four limbs. Arms straight and hands in line below the shoulders. Right angles maintained at the hip and knee although ankles maybe plantarflexed or dorsiflexed .

27. HANGING The body is suspended by gasping over a horizontal bar hands being pronated, the arms straight with at least shoulder width apart.

28. ARCH HANGING The starting position for forward and backward swinging of the trunk or for bar somersaults.

29. HALF HANGING The position is, hanging on one arm and rest of the body is free. The position requires very strong muscle work for the back muscle.

30. THE END