Fundamental_Rights.ppt and its importance

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1. Fundamental Rights

2. FundamentalRights
FundamentalRightsareincorporatedfromAricle
12to35intheThirdChapter(Part)oftheIndian
Constitution.Rightsarethebasicfacilitieswhich
weneedforourgrowth.Thesearetheclaimsof
individualrecognisedbythesocietyandenforced
bytheState.TheexistenceofDemocracycan’tbe
imaginedwithoutFundamentalRightsinIndia
becauseRightsarethepillarsofDemocracy.

3. Whydo wecall theseRightsas
Fundamental?
TheseRightsare incorporatedin
the thirdChapter(Part) of the
Constitution of India.
Theyafforda basis for the
developmentof an Individual.
The people and officialsof Indiaare
oughtto enjoytheserights.

4. Nature of Rights
Fundamentalrightsare equalto all.
Rightsare justiciable
Fundamentalrightsare not absolute.
Theylimitthe authorityof the central and
state governments.
Fundamentalrightsdistinguishbetween
citizensand foreignnationals.
Theycanbesuspendedduringemergency.
ParliamentcanamendFundamentalrights.

5. FundamentalRights(12 –35)
Right to Equality
Right to Freedom
Right Against Exploitation
Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies

6. FundamentalRights
Article 12 {Definition}
In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, "the
State" includes the Government and Parliament of India
and the Government and the Legislature of each of the
States and all local or other authorities within the territory
of India or under the control of the Government of India.
Article 13 {Laws inconsistent with or in
derogation of the fundamental rights}
(1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately
before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as
they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall,
to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.

7. Right to Equality
Article 14 to 18

8. Right to Equality, Article-14 to 18
EqualitybeforelawArticle-14 providesthat«the
state shallnot denyto anypersonequalitybefore
lawor the equalprotection of lawwithinthe
territoryof India».
Prohibition of Discrimination, Article-15
(on grounds of religion,race,caste,sexor place of birth)
Equalityof OpportunityArticle-16
(in matters of public employment)
Abolition of UntouchabilityArticle-17
Abolition of TitlesArticle-18

9. Right to Freedom
Article 19 to 22

10. Right to Freedom(19 –22)
FreedomofspeechandexpressionArticle-19
FreedomofPress–(Article-361)Ahasbeeninsertedaccordingtowhichthepress
hasbeengiventhepowertopublishanaccountoftheproceedingsoftheIndian
Parliamentandstateslegislatures.
Righttoinformationislinkedtothefreedomofspeechandexpressiongrantedin
Article19intheconstitution.
 Freedomto assemble peacefullywithoutArms.
 Freedomto formassociations and unions.
 FreedomtomovefreelythroughouttheterritoryofIndia.
 FreedomtoresideandsettleinanypartoftheterritoryofIndia.
 Freedomtopractiseanyprofessionortocarryonanyoccupation,tradeor
business.
ProtectioninrespectofconvictionofanoffenceArticle-20
ProtectionoflifeandpersonallibertyArticle-21
RighttoeducationArticle-21A
ProtectionagainstarrestanddetentionagainstcertaincasesArticle-22

11. Right against
Exploitation
Article 23-24

12. Right AgainstExploitation, Article
23-24
Prohibition of trafficin humanbeingsand forced
labour. Article 23
Prohibition of compulsaryservices Article-23 : under
thisarticle the state cannot force people to do
compulsoryservice for public purposes.
Prohibition of Child Labour Article-24: Childrenbelow
the ageof forteenyearswillnot beallowedto workin
factories, mines or in otherdangerousplaces sothat
theirhealthisnot adverselyaffected.

13. Right to Religious
Freedom
Article 25 to 28

14. Right to Freedomof Religion,
Article 25 to 28
Freedomto professand propagateany
religion, Article-25
Freedomto manage religiousaffairs, Artcle-
26
Freedomnot to paytaxes for the promotion
of anyparticularreligion, Article-27
No religiousinstructions in government
educationalinstitutions, Artcle-28(1)
In privateeducationalinstitutions religious
educationnot againstthe will, Article-28(3)

15. Cultural and
educational rights
Article 29 to 30

16. Cultural and educational
rights,Article29 to 30
Protection againstinterestof
minorities,Article-29(1)
Freedomto getadmission in educational
institutions,Article-29(2)
Right to minoritiesto establish
educationalinstitutions,Article-30(1)
No discrimination whilegivinggrants-
Article-30(2)

17. Right to
Constitutional
Remedies.
Article-32

18. Right to constitutional
remedies,Article-32
Article-31(1), providesthata citizencanapproach
the supremecourt of Indiaby due processof lawfor
the implementationof the FundamentalRights
includedin Chapter3 of the constitution.
Article-32(2), the Supremecourt of Indiahas the
right to issue writsin the nature of the Habeas
Corpus,Mandamus,Prohibition,etc.
Article-32(3), The IndianParliamentcanempower
anycourt to issue notice withinitsjurisdiction
withoutinfringingor influencingthe powersof the
SupremeCourt of India.
Article-32(4), the state cannotsuspend the right to
constitutionalremediesexceptin cases providedin
the IndianConstitution.

19. Critical Evaluation
of Fundamental
Rights
Public Opinion

20. Criticalevaluationof
fundamentalrights
No rightsoutsidethe constitution
Toomanylimitations
PreventiveDetentionand Fundamentalrights
Rightscanbesuspendedduringemergency
Absence of Economicrights
Vague and complexlanguage
Supremacyof Parliamentover Fundamental
Rights
Specialconcessions for minoritiesand backward
classes are againstthe Principleof Equality.

21. Importance of Human Rights
Foundationof democracy
Check on the arbitrarinessof the
Government
Createproperconditions for the
developmentof Men
Foundationof Ruleof law
Establishment of Secularstate
Protection of the interestsof the minorities
Reconciliationbetweenindividualinterests
and social interests.

22. ThankYou