Fungal and yeast single cell protein

Fungal and yeast single cell protein (Edited by Ayan santra)

1. FUNGAL AND YEAST SINGLE CELL PROTEIN SUBMITTED TO- DR. RANJEETA BHARI SUBMITTED BY- JYOTI KAUSHAL MSC.BIOTECHNOLOGY-3 RD SEM 19011002

2. SINGLE CELL PROTEIN (SCP) SCP typically refers to sources of mixed proteins extracted from pure and mixed cultures of algae, yeast, fungi or bacteria used as a substitute for protein rich foods in human or animal feed. SCP are dried cells of microorganisms which can be used as dietary protein supplement.

3. MICROORGANISMS YEAST Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pichia pastoris Candida utilis FUNGI( Mycoprotein ) Aspergillus oryzae Polyporous Trichoderma BACTERIA - Rhodobacter capsulatus ALGAE- Sprirulina , Chlorella

4. PRODUCTION PROCESS Production is carried out in the following steps- Selection of suitable strain Fermentation Harvesting Post-harvest treatment SCP processing for food

5. YEAST SCP Yeast is the source of single cell protein. In world war 1, Torula ( Candida utilis )yeast was used in soups and sausages. Use of yeast as food seasoning is commonly found in vegetarians diet. Yeasts propagated for food purpose and to feed animals. The mass cultivation of yeast for use as food is to compensate the dietary inadequacies of cheap food materials.

6. CONT….. There is great emphasis and interest on lowering BOD of the effluents from industrial plants. Several processes to manufacture yeast from industrial and agricultural wastes have been undertaken. This converts wastes into product of value and at the same time prevents environmental pollution. Few examples of yeast that often used for SCP production are Candida utilis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae and many other.

7. CONT….. The asporogenous yeast, Candida utilis is commonly used because of it’s ability to assimilate various carbon sources, including xylose and a wide range of organic acids. The fat producing yeast, Rhodotorula gracilis , undergoes normal cellular growth during log phase in a medium containing adequate nitrogen. The production of baker’s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) is the largest domestic use of microorganism for food purpose.

8. PRODUCTION Use of yeasts in fermentation since centuries. Consumption of baker’s yeast as food in Germany during World War 1 increased its importance. Rapid development took place in biotechnological applications of S.cerevisiae , as far as culture development, process optimization and scale up of products are concerned.

9. COMMERICAL PRODUCTS Toprina C.- lipolytica and C. tropicals - For 12 years TOPRINA was marketed as a replacement for fish meal in high protein feeds and as a replacement for skimmed milk replacers. The substrate used for Toprina production is C12-C20 alkanes from petroleum industries.

10. CONT…. Torutein - Candida utilis / Torula – The substrate used for this yeasts is ethanol, although it is quite expensive substrate. Torutein is being marketed as a flavour enhancer of high nutritional value, and a replacement for meta, milk and egg protein. It is not very successful in the United States since soya which is plentiful and cheap can serve as an alternative or substitute to meat and egg diets.

11. PRODUCTION OF SCP FROM PINEAPPLE WASTE USING YEAST SCP represents microbial cells grown in mass culture and harvested for use as protein sources in foods or animal feeds. Pineapple waste was used as sole carbon source in five concentrations for preparation of fermentation media on which two strains of yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis were grown.

12. CONT.... Increased concentration of pineapple hydrolysate enhanced the biomass yield and the protein formation within the yeast cells Lower carbon utilization by the two yeast strains occurred in the waste containing media, as compared to control, increasing the economic value of the waste obtained after 7 day fermentation.

13. PRODUCTION OF SCP FROM YEAST USING PAPAYA EXTRACT MEDIUM Extract of papaya fruit were used as substrate for single cell protein production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae . A 500g of papaya fruit was extracted with different volume of sterile distilled water. Extraction with 200ml of sterile distilled water sustained highest cell growth .

14. FUNGAL SCP Some actinomycetes and filamentous fungi were reported to produce protein from various substrate. Many filamentous fungi have been reported to produce protein. The term mycoprotein have been introduced by Ranks Hovis McDougall( RHM) in the United Kingdom for protein produced on glucose or starch substrates.

15. PRODUCTION During world war 2 , attempts were made to use the cultures of Fusarium and Rhizopus grown in fermentation as protein food. The inoculum of Aspergillus oryzae or Rhizopus arrhizus is chosen because of their non-toxic nature. Saprophytic fungi grow on complex organic compounds and render into simple forms as a result of growth, high amount of fungal biomass is produced.

16. CONT….. Mycelial yield vary widely depending upon microorganisms and substrates. Strains of some species of moulds, for example, Aspergillus niger , A. fumigatus , Fusarium graminearum are very hazardous to human , therefore use of such fungi should be avoided or toxicological evaluations should be done before recommending to use as SCP.

17. SCP PRODUCTION BY ACID TOLERANT FUNGUS SCP production by acid tolerant fungus Scytalidium acidophilum from acid hydrolysates of waste paper. Waste paper pretreated with 72% of sulphuric acid and diluted with water and hydrolyzed. A total of 97% of the sugars in the hydrolysates were converted to cell biomass. Based on the sugar consumed, S. acidophilum produced higher yields in shake culture than many other Fungi imperfecti .

18. SCP PRODUCTION BY THERMOTOLERANT CELLULOLYTIC FUNGUS Chaetomium cellulolyticum , a newly isolated cellulolytic fungus, showed 50-100% faster growth rates and over 80% more final biomass protein formation than Trichoderma viride , a very well-known high cellulose producing cellulolytic organism. In both cases, T. viridae produced much higher quantities of free cellulases at faster rates and also degraded more substrate than C. cellulolyticum .

19. CONT….. It is concluded that the synthesis mechanism or the nature of the cellulase complexes of the two types of organisms are quite different such that C. cellulolyticumn is more optimal for SCP production while T. viridae is more optimal for the production of extracellular cellulases .

20. REFERENCES biocyclopedia.com/index/biotechnology/microbial... http://www.academia.edu/download/39250246/55a3841e08aea517405cf351.pdf Advances in Applied Science Research 2 (2), 14-18, 2011 www.biotecharticles.com/Agriculture-Article/...

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