G3-PHYSICAL INOR CHEMISTRY- SCIENCES CESP20.pptx

PPT

1. Thermodimamics Here is where our presentation begins

2. OUR TEAM GROUP 3 Erianti Simbolon (4203131028) 2 01 Maya Jenita Simatupang (4203331001) 02 Mutiara Panca Putri Sinuhaji (4203131046) 03 04 Rahma Safitri (4203332024) 05 Vira Maharani (4202431018)

3. Thermodynamics of Dissolving Processes for Ionic Compounds Formation of Covalent Compounds Dissolving Process Energy Changes CONCLUSION Table of contents 01 02 03 04

4. Thermodynamics of Dissolving Processes for Ionic Compounds 01

5. THERMODYNAMICS The word thermodynamics comes from the Greek therme meaning heat and dymanics meaning heat. So thermodynamics means the ability of hot objects to generate work/work. But now thermodynamics has developed, thermodynamics is defined as the study of energy and its changes and the relationship between the physical properties of matter. SYSTEM There are 3 types of systems that are commonly encountered, namely: 1. Open System a. there is an exchange of material (n) system and environment so that dn ≠ 0; b. There is an exchange of energy (E) between the system and the environment so that dE ≠ 0. 2. Closed System a. there is no exchange of material (n) system and environment so that dn = 0; b. There is an exchange of energy (E) between the system and the environment so that dE ≠ 0. 3. Isolated System a. there is no exchange of material (n) system and environment so that dn = 0; b. There is no exchange of energy (E) between the system and the environment so that dE = 0.

6. 1. The Zero Law of Thermodynamics 2. First Law of Thermodynamics 3. Second Law of Thermodynamics ΔS = Q/T With: ΔS = entropy change Q = heat absorbed and T = process temperature. THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

7. PROCESS OF DISSOLVING IONIC COMPOUNDS Ionic compounds are compounds formed by ionic bonds. Example : NaCl, KCl, BaCl2, and BH4Cl. The properties of ionic compounds include: Ionic compounds dissolve easily in water and dissociate to produce ions, so that the solution can have a high electrical conductivity when dissolved in a polar solvent, and low in a solid state. High melting and boiling points. Generally it is a hard crystalline solid, but easily brittle. Separation Of Solute Substances There is a strong intermolecular interaction force in figure A, so that the intermolecular molecules are close together. There is a strong intermolecular interaction force in figure A, so that the intermolecular molecules are close together.

8. Solvent Separation The solvent will also be separated, so it's not only the solute that has to be separated between the molecules. There is a strong intermolecular interaction force in figure A, so that the intermolecular molecules are close together. Dissolving Hydrogen bond interactions, London forces, or dipole-dipole interactions. With these forces, the solute will be stabilized by the solvent.

9. DISSOLVING PROCESS ENERGY CHANGES 02

10. Energy change is a change of energy from one form to another. The forms of change are as follows : Changes in potential energy Changes in kinetic energy Changes in chemical energy Changes in electrical energy Changes in heat energy CHANGES IN ENERGY

11. SOLUTION The definition of a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Well, a solution consists of a solute and a solvent which are homogeneous in nature. ➢ Solvent : a substance that dissolves another substance. ➢ Solute : the substance that is dissolved in the solvent. Generally, the amount of solvent will be more than the solute. This is so that the solutes can be mixed homogeneously. The meaning of homogeneous means that which dissolves perfectly. For example salt dissolved in water. As a result, the salt will melt and become homogeneous with water

12. a. Aquoeus And Nonaquoeus Solvents b. Organic and inorganic solvents c. Dissolving Process The process of forming a solution can follow one of the following mechanisms: (a) The solute reacts chemically with the solvent and forms a new substance, (b) The solute forms the solvated substance with the solvent, (c) Formation of a solution based on dispersion.

13. FORMATION OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS Properties of Covalent Bonds The properties of covalent bonds are as follows : Some compounds that have covalent bonds are volatile. Has low boiling and melting points. Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solutions. In general, do not conduct electricity. Is a liquid, gas, or soft solid at room temperature. The pure state is an insulator.

14. Types of Covalent Bonds Types of covalent bonds based on the number of electron pairs : Single Covalent Bond

15. - Double covalent bond

16. - Triple covalent bond

17. How to draw Covalent Bonds Determine the central atom first. For example the H 2 O compound, meaning that there are 2 H atoms and one O atom, then the central atom is O. Count all the valence electrons of each atom and the electrons needed to achieve stability. Pair each electron. For example, 1 electron on the O atom is paired with 1 electron on the H atom. After that, check whether the O atoms and H atoms fulfill the octet and duplet rules or not. If it does not meet the octet or duplet rule, then a double or triple bond must be formed to achieve the octet rule.

18. CLOSING Conclusion and Suggestion 03

19. 1. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies heat (heat) and how it is transferred. Basically, thermodynamics comes from two words in Greek, namely ‘thermos’ and ‘dynamic’. The word thermos means heat. Meanwhile, the word dynamic means change or dynamic. Ionic compounds are chemical compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces called ionic bonds, within these bonds there are anions and cations There are 3 types of thermodynamic laws, namely : • The Zero Law of Thermodynamics • First Law of Thermodynamics • Second Law of Thermodynamics Conclusion

20. REFERENCES Adistya Febriana Safitri., Hayuni Retno Widarti., Dedek Sukarianingsih. (2018). IDENTIFIKASI PEMAHAMAN KONSEP IKATAN KIMIA . Jurnal Pembelajaran Kimia. 3(1) : 41-50. Sudjito , Saifuddin Baedoewie dan Agung Sugeng . Diktat Termodinamika Dasar. Jakarta: Graha Ilmu . Zemansky Mark W. dan Richard H. Dittman . 1986. Kalor dan Termodinamika . Bandung: ITB Bandung.