G8-Science-LEC-1-Scientific-method describes .pptx

Thsi akl about chemistry

1. Grade 8 Science

2. SCIENCE – systematized body of knowledge based on facts STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD Observation Definition of Problem Background Research Formulation of hypothesis Testing of hypothesis Direct observation Conducting of experiment Setting of variables Establishment of experimental set up Data gathering/recording Data Analysis Drawing of conclusion Recommendation

3. Observation it involves using the human senses to observe and record noticeable events and phenomenon .

4. Observation One of the ideal characteristics of a good scientist is being a keen observer .

5. Observation In some cases instruments were used to observed natural phenomenon and events that are not detected by human senses .

6. Definition of Problem as a result of the observation the observer becomes curious of the noticeable events Questions may arise based on the recorded observations. These questions may lead to formulation of problem .

7. Background Research Look for relevant information about anything related to your problem Read books and journal articles, browse the internet, ask other people which is knowledgeable about the topic

8. Formulation of hypothesis it is a tentative and reasonable explanation to the problem . Hypothesis is a logical answer to the problem and it is based on previously existing facts Set of assumptions or possible solutions to the problem. It is also called a preliminary conclusion , and a scientific guess .

9. Testing of hypothesis Direct observation or by Experimentation Conducting an Experiment 3 important variables i . Independent variable ii. Dependent variable iii. Controlled variable Data gathering Analysis

10. Testing of hypothesis 3 important variables in an experiment Independent variable parameter being tested A properly designed experiment should have a single independent variable Dependent variable Parameter measured to determine the outcome of the experiment. An experiment can have more than one dependent variable Controlled variable Factors that could influence the outcome of an experiment Must be held constant in all treatments

11. Drawing of conclusion Generalization made out of the analyzed data from the experiment. Recommendation Experimental set-up Experimental group With independent variables Control group Without independent variables

12. Why science is important to us? Science is important to mankind because it provides solutions to many of our problems and it also improves the quality of our lives . Development of technology in agriculture like farm machines, pesticides, and fertilizers that improve crop production and ensure food security.

13. Discovery and development of medicines and medicinal equipment save lives and alleviate the suffering of sick and injured people.

14. The invention of cars, boats, airplanes, and other modes of transportation made traveling safe, fast, and always available.