Gall Bladder diseases all in detail.pptx

gb disease

1. Gallbladder Disease

2. Gallbladder Disease Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) Gallstones Chronic acalculous gallbladder disease (in which the natural movements needed to empty the gallbladder do not work well) Gangrene or abscesses Growths of tissue in the gallbladder Congenital defects of the gallbladder Tumors of the gallbladder and bile ducts

3. Cholecystitis right upper quadrant abdominal pain with bloating food intolerances (especially greasy and spicy foods) increased gas nausea vomiting Boas' or Boas's sign is hyperaesthesia below the right Hypochondrium or 12th rib region,

4. Gallstones Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are hardened pieces of bile that form in your gallbladder. “Gall” means bile, so gallstones are bile stones C/F Pain in the right upper or middle upper abdomen for at least 30 minutes. The pain may be constant or cramping. It can feel sharp or dull. Fever.

5. Sweating. Fever. Fast heart rate . Abdominal swelling and tenderness. Yellow tint to your skin and eyes. Dark-colored pee and light-colored poop.

6. Complications include: Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) . Pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation) . Cholangitis (bile duct inflammation) . Hepatitis (liver inflammation). Jaundice (bile in your bloodstream) . Septicemia (an infection in your bloodstream) .

7. abdominal ultrasound MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) . HIDA scan . Endoscopic ultrasound . ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) .

8. Acalculous cholecystitis a condition that causes inflammation of the gallbladder without the presence of gallstones . This is a severe illness that can be triggered by complications arising from other medical conditions, trauma, or long term illness.

9. C/F Nausea, food intolerances, bloating belching

10. Gangrene or abscesses happens when severe inflammation due to cholecystitis leads to tissue death. Gangrenous cholecystitis — also known as gangrenous gallbladder or GGB — can be life threatening severe infection can lead to a gallbladder abscess (empyema of the gallbladder).

11. Gallbladder empyema ( suppurative cholecystitis 1 ) is an uncommon complication of cholecystitis and refers to a situation where the gallbladder lumen is filled and distended by purulent material (pus).

12. Tenderness in the right upper quadrant and a positive Murphy sign. fever, nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant abdominal pain

13. Acute cholecystitis in the presence of bacteria-containing bile may progress to suppurative infection in which the gallbladder fills with purulent material, a condition referred to as empyema of the gallbladder

14. What are the USG findings of empyema gallbladder? Ultrasonography of the gallbladder is indicated in presumed empyema of the gallbladder. The finding of an enlarged, distended gallbladder, thickened gallbladder wall, and associated pericholecystic fluid points to an acute inflammatory process involving the gallbladder.

15. C/F Sudden, sharp, and persistent pain in the upper right side of the belly. Increased body temperature (fever). Associated pain in the right shoulder. Sweating. Loss of appetite. Yellow coloration of the skin and sclera.

16. G allbladder polyps Gallbladder polyps are abnormal growths of tissue that protrude out of the inside mucous lining of gallbladder. Gallbladder polyps larger than 1/2 inch (about 10 mm) in diameter are more likely to be cancerous or turn into cancer over time. Ultrasound is the best initial imaging choice.

17. Abdominal pain. Fever. Nausea and vomiting. Jaundice.

18. Cogenital anomalies of gall bladdeer

19. Sclerosing cholangitis In primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammation causes scars within the bile ducts . These scars make the ducts hard and narrow and gradually

20. WHO classifies the intraepithelial neoplasm of GB into 1.adenoma (tubular, papillary, and tubulopapillay ), 2. biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3 (BilIN-3), 3. intracystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN), 4.Mucinous cystic neoplasm (4)

21. C/F Abdominal pain: As the cancer grows, it can cause pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. This pain can be dull or sharp and may radiate to the back or shoulder. Jaundice: The cancer can block the bile ducts, causing jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. Nausea and vomiting: The cancer can also cause nausea and vomiting, often as a result of the blockage of the bile ducts. Loss of appetite: As the cancer progresses, it can cause a loss of appetite and weight loss. Fatigue: Cancer can cause fatigue, a feeling of exhaustion and weakness that is not relieved by rest.

22. Itching: Cancer-related jaundice can cause itching all over the body. Abdominal swelling: As the cancer grows, it can cause abdominal swelling due to the build-up of fluid in the abdomen. Blood clots: Gallbladder cancer can cause blood clots, which can be life-threatening if they travel to the lungs. Bowel obstruction: The cancer can also cause a bowel obstruction, which can cause constipation, abdominal pain and vomiting. Metastasis: Advanced-stage gallbladder cancer can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs , bones and brain. This can cause symptoms such as bone pain, headaches and difficulty breathing.

23. Investigation Ultrasonography or MRI/MRCP can usually detect a tumor in the bile ducts or gallbladder CA 19-9 . Computed tomography (CT) scan

24. Adenocarcinoma . This is the most common type of gallbladder cancer. Around 90 out of every 100 gallbladder cancers (around 90%) are adenocarcinomas.