Garden Cities

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2. The garden city movement is a method
of urban planning that was initiated in
1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howardin the
United Kingdom. Garden cities were
intended to be planned, self-contained
communities surrounded by
"greenbelts", containing proportionate
areas of residences, industry and
agriculture.

3. The Original Garden City concept by Ebenezer Howard,
1902.
•Circular city growing in a radialmanner or pattern.
•Divided into six equal wards, by six main Boulevards that radiated
from the central park/garden.
•Civic institutions (Town Hall, Library, Hospital, Theatre, Museum
etc. ) are placed around the central garden.
•The central park enclosed by a crystal palace acts as an arcadefor
indoor shops and winter gardens.
•The streets for houses are formed by a series of concentric ringed
tree lined avenues.
•Distance between each ring vary between 3-5km.
•420 feet wide , 3 mile long, Grand avenue which run in the center
of concentric rings , houses the schools and churches and acts as a
continuous public park.

4. •Conceptualized by the “Garden Cities”
•Author of :
“ Tomorrow: A peaceful Path to Social
Reform”
•Founded the Garden Cities Association
•His ideas attracted enough attention and
financial backing to LetchworthGarden
City and WelwynGarden City.

5. ELEMENTS OF A GARDEN CITY:
•planned on a concentric pattern with open spaces,
public parks and six radial boulevards, 120 ft(37 m)
wide, extending from the centre.
•satellites of a central city of 50,000 people, linked by
road and rail.
•Capture the social increment for public
improvement, not private enrichment.

6. He believed that “Human society and the beauty of nature are meant to be
enjoyed together”
"Town and country must be united, and out of this joyous union, will spring a new
hope, a new life, a new civilization.“
THE THREE MAGNETS
Town life & Country life has good and bad
characteristics
Town-Country life can have all the good
things about life in towns and life in the
country -without any of the bad things.

7. GARDEN CITIES ASSOCIATION
•Established by Howard in 1899
•Now known as the Town and Country Planning Association and the oldest
environmental charity in England.
•To provedefinancial machinery for the realization of his proposal;

8. Garden Cities of Tomorrow
This book offered a vision of towns
free of slumsand enjoying the
benefits of both town(such as
opportunity, amusement and good
wages) and country(such as
beauty, fresh air and low rents).
He illustrated the idea with his
famous Three Magnets diagram :
'Town', 'Country' or 'Town-Country'.
It proposed the creation of new
suburban towns of limited size,
planned in advance, and
surrounded by a permanent belt of
agricultural land.

9. LETCHWORTH
•The first Garden City , Started in 1902
•Designed by Raymond & Barry Parker
•Total area of 4,500 acres
(3000 for agricultural; 1500 for city
Proper
•Located in North Hertfordshire,
35 miles north ofLondon.
•Reserved Green belt-1300 acres
•Designed for a maximum of 35000
population

11. LETCHWORTH

12. WELWYN
•Founded by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the 1920s following his previous
experiment in LetchworthGarden City, and designed by Louis de Soissons and
Theodore Chambers.
•Total of 2400 acres.
•The town’s focal point was a mile long mall with beautiful Georgian houses
and shops facing it.
•Designed for a maximum of 40000 population
•15 years –developed with 10000 population & 50 shops, industries.

14. •Streets are designed so as to give the
concept of a Neighborhood unit.
•Separation of the pedestrian
walkways from the main roads gives a
sense of natural beauty.
•Open and green spaces are given on
a large scale.
•Personalization of Homes in Welwyn
with varying roofline, texture and
composition for each house.
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15. WELWYN

16. CASE STUDIES
1. SINGAPORE
A.Engaging and
inspiring
communities to co-
create a greener
surrounding.
B.Enhancing
competencies of our
landscape and
horticulture
industry.
C.Enriching
biodiversity in our
urban environment.
D.Optimizing urban
spaces for greenery
and recreation
E.Rejuvenating urban
parks and enliven
streetscape.

17. CASE STUDIES
1. SINGAPORE

18. CASE STUDIES
2. U.P. DILIMAN
A.Blending of erected
buildings and virgin
greeneries.
B.The area
implements
enrichment of life
through
biodiversified
living.
C.Productive
influences to aid
learning.
D.To reflect the
culture through
green living, co-
existing with the
modern
development.

19. CASE STUDIES
Jardim Shangri-la´, 1960’s. The garden suburb campaigned as an ‘‘aristocratic,’’
‘‘magnificent,’’ and ‘‘super modern’’ residential neighborhood.
•The layout for the first planned
residential environment in Londrina
depicted green, winding streets in
contrast with the conventional gridiron
that had up to then configured the
townscape.
•Plot area was considerably greater and,
given the width of the streets, the general
image of the neighborhood was anything
but cozy.
•It was, above all, modern; particularly
when taking the detached single houses
into consideration: built in the
‘‘functional style,’’ they evoked
internationally praised mid-twentieth-
century Brazilian architecture.

20. A Spa Town: A´guas de Sa˜o Pedro (1936)
The extended layout of A ´guasde Sa˜oPedro,
1957. The main park and the Grand Hotel are
on the
left, while the residential area and the parkway
are on the right.
•A´guasde Sa˜oPedro intended to build a new
healthtownmodel for South America in Sa˜oPaulo
state, 200 km northwest of its capital, based upon
modern principles of medicine, sanitation, and town
planning.
•The foreign planning model added greatly to the
building of scenery befitting the needs of quietness
and contemplation, and the local newspaper proudly
announced a town designed according to the
‘‘patterns of famous European spa towns.’’
•A´guasde Sa˜oPedro was laid out as a low-density
town, with abundant open spaces and two different
zones—a small commercial area and a larger
residential neighborhood—comparable to the best
garden cities as their percentage of green areas were
equivalent.

21. THANK YOU !
Mimi Alguidano