Gas Chromatography Thermo Fisher Scientific

What is Chromatography?
Separation process that is achieved by distributing the analytes to be separated
between a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
 Sample transported by mobile phase
 Some components in sample interact more strongly with stationary phase
and are more strongly retained

1. The world leader in serving science
Gas Chromatography
Training
26 September 2019

2. 2
The world leader in serving science
Chromatography

3. 3
What is Chromatography?
Separation process that is achieved by distributing the analytes to be separated
between a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
Sample transported by mobile phase
Some components in sample interact more strongly with stationary phase
and are more strongly retained

4. 4










































Thermo Scientific Product Portfolio
Chromatography
Vanquish UHPLC
UltiMate

3000 HPLC

IC & RFIC
GC
LC-MS
GC-MS & GC-MS/MS

5. 5
What GC is suitable for???

6. 6
Volatile
Semi-
Volatile
Elemental
Non-
Volatile
Analysis of Organic Compounds

7. 7
Snap shot about GC
GC is most widely used analytical technique in the world
GC is premier technique for separation and analysis of volatile and semi-volatile
compounds
Over 50 years in development
Fast analysis
Small sample size
Gases, Liquids, and Solids
Organic and Inorganic

8. 8
GC Schematic / Instrument Analysis Workflow
Key Elements:
1)Gas
2)Gas Flow
3)Injector
4)Injection
5)Oven Temp
6)Column
7)Detector
8)CDS
Separation
Proccess

9. 9
Mobile Phase – Carrier Gas
The main purpose of the carrier gas is to transport the sample through the
column. It is the mobile phase.
Carrier gas is inert and does not interact chemically with the sample.
A secondary purpose is to provide a suitable matrix for the detector to
measure the sample components.
It is important that the carrier gas be of high purity because impurities such
as Oxygen and water can chemically attack the stationary phase in the
column and destroy it.
Common Carrier Gases used in GC:
Hydrogen – best gas to use (explosive)
Helium – Very inert (non-renewable)
Nitrogen
Argon

10. 10
The world leader in serving science
Injector Basics

11. 11
Sample Injections
a)Liquid Injection
b)Dynamic Headspace
c)Online SPME
d)Purge and Trap
e)Thermal Desorption
f)GC Pyrolysis
a. b.
c.
d. e. f.

12. 12
Gas Chromatography Injector
Liquid Introduction by syringe
 Split/Splitless (SSL)
PTV

13. 13
SSL Concept

14. 14
SSL Concept

15. 15
SSL Concept

16. 16
•Easy plug-in with the “Instaneously
Connected’’ Thermo proprietary
technology
•Integrated Electronic Gas Control
(IEC)
•Max T = 400°C
•Split ratio up to 12500 : 1
•Control of split flow in 1 mL/min
from 0 to 1250 mL/min
•Purge flow from 0 to 50 mL/min
(electronic control)
•Suitable for all capillary columns
(50 µm to 530 µm id)

SSL Inlet Specifications

17. 17
The world leader in serving science
GC Column

18. 18
GC Columns main Characteristics
Capillary
Column
Packed Column

19. 19
•Polydimethyl siloxane
•Polyethylene Glycol
Stationary Phases
Polydimethyl siloxane (all R = CH
3) is a
common “backbone’’ for creating different
stationary phases
Replacing methyl groups with other
changes its polarity and separation
capabilities
Polyethylene Glycol, polar, less stable
than polysiloxanes: higher bleed
Phenyl – C
6H
5
Cyanopropyl – C
3H
3CN
Trifluropropyl – C
3H
6CF
3

20. 20
Stationary Phases Summary

21. 21
The Choice of Capillary Column
I.D : 0.53 mm – GC-FID – 3 mL/min
0.32 mm – GC-MS – 1~3 mL/min
0.25 mm – GC-MS – 0.5~1.5 mL/min

Length: The Longer the better separation
The longer the more time waste

Film Thickness : Choose thicker film when separating high volatile sample

Phase Type: Different sample type need different phase of packing material

22. 22
The Choice of Capillary Column
Temperature is one of the most important parameters in GC
Most difficult to develop, often involve trial an error
There are two modes of operation:
Isothermal


Temperature Programming

23. 23
Temperature Programming
Temperature changes during the run
Initial temperature – low enough to freeze all sample (except the solvent) on
the column inlet

Final Temperature – hot enough to elute all components of interest and
enough to clean out the column in case of sample containing impurities

Temperature programming rate – is the most important parameter, it
impacts on: resolution and analysis time

24. 24
The world leader in serving science
GC Detector

25. 25
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)


Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)

Electron Capture Detector (ECD)

Flame Photometric Detector (FPD)

Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (NPD)

Mass Spectrometer Detector (MS)
GC Detector

26. 26
Flame Ionization Detector
Combustion of organic compound in
hydrogen air flame led to form ions
which are collected & measured

C=O do not generate signal while
halogen presence reduce the
sensitivity

The current produced is proportional
to amount of the compound present.

27. 27
•Proprietary, patent-pending Thermo
Scientific “Instant Connect” modules

•Modules are user-installable in less
than two minutes
•Just remove three screws and put the
new module in place
•No special training, dedicated tools or
on-site service engineers required

•Every injector and detector is self-
sufficient
•Contains the Integrated Electronic
gas Control (IEC)
•Storing module calibration
TRACE 1300 Series GC: Tailor Instrument Configuration

28. 28
We enable our
customers to make the world
healthier, cleaner and safer
•Technology innovation
leadership
•Unique customer value
proposition
•Unparalleled global reach
Unmatched Customer Partner
The world leader in serving science