Gaseous fuels

Gaseous fuels,LNG,CNG,LPG,PRODUCER GAS
Haseeb K M
Muthoot Institute of Technology and Science , Kochi

1. GASEOUS FUELS

2. GASEOUS FUEL Gaseous fuels are obtained either naturally or by the treatment of solid or liquid fuel. Among the naturally occurring gaseous fuels, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are most important. These gases have high calorific value . The calorific value (CV) and specific gravity (Sp. gr.) of a gaseous fuel determine the thermal output of a heating appliance.

3. Gas v/s Fuel Gaseous fuels have lower energy content than liquid fuels such as, petrol or diesel. Gaseous fuels are potentially more deserved fuel as they produce very low greenhouse gas upon burning and hence air quality benefits are obtained compared to conventional and petrol and diesel products.

4. Types Gaseous fuel Manufactured fuel gases Natural gas Petroleum gas

5. Manufactured Fuel gases Manufactured fuel gases are those produced through an artificial process, usually gasification, at a location known as a gasworks . Eg; Biogas, Producer gas

6. BIOGAS A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide    

7. How its made? Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by bacteria without oxygen ( anaerobic digestion or fermentation). From sources:- Leftover food from houses, shops, restaurants and factories Leftover meat and blood from abattoirs Cow, sheep and chicken manure Leftover straw and crops from farming

8. Biogas (contd) B iogas can be used as a fuel. It can be used for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat . The biogas is a renewable energy that can be used for heating, electricity, and many other operations that use a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

9. PRODUCER GAS   A combustible mixture of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, generated by passing air with steam over burning coke or coal in a furnace and used as fuel. Also called air gas.  Typical components of producer gas   Producer gas is usually a mixture of mainly carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane.  (CH4), and the inert species carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), water steam (H2O ) small amounts of Argon ( Ar ). Apart from the main species, the gas contains various

10. NATURAL GAS - CNG The main constituent is methane. It is a fuel gas substitute for gasoline(petrol), diesel or propane/(LPG). It is more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels and its much safer than other fuels in the event of spill. It is made by compressing natural gas(which is mainly composed of methane), to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure . Used in cars and locomotives

11. PETROLEUM GAS- LPG Also called liquified petroleum gas non-renewable source of energy . extracted from crude oil and natural gas The main composition of LPG are hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms. The normal components of LPG thus, are propane (C 3 H 8 ) and butane (C 4 H 10 ). It can be easily condensed, packaged, stored and utilized, which makes it an ideal energy source for a wide range of applications.

12. LPG (contd) LPG is non-toxic, its abuse – (like that of solvents) – is highly dangerous. LPG should always be treated with respect and kept away from children whenever possible . The main reason for converting to LPG is its superb portability and convenience: it can be used in remote places where ordinary gas supplies are unavailable.   The two big disadvantages of LPG are safety and cost.

13. THANKS QUERIES