GAURAV(2404),SAURABH(2404),ADITYA(2403),APARNA(2403)AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM_ SYMPATHET.pptx

AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM - SYMPATHETIC AND PARA SYMPATHETIC

1. AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM: SYMPATHETIC ,PARASYMPATHETIC , THEIR FUNCTIONS AND EFFECTS BY :- SAURABH PATEL(2404) ,GAURAV(2404), APARNA (2403),ADITYA (2403)

2. Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions. It consists of two main branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. These two branches work in opposition to maintain internal balance.

3. Sympathetic Nervous System Overview The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response. It activates during times of stress or danger. It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and releasing adrenaline.

4. Parasympathetic Nervous System Overview The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response. It activates during times of relaxation and rest. It promotes activities like digestion, lowering heart rate, and conserving energy.

5. Sympathetic Nervous System Functions Increases heart rate and blood pressure. Dilates airways to improve oxygen intake. Inhibits digestion to redirect energy to muscles.

6. Sympathetic Nervous System Effects Pupil dilation for improved vision. Sweating to cool the body. Release of glucose for quick energy.

7. Parasympathetic Nervous System Functions Slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure. Stimulates digestion and nutrient absorption. Constricts airways to conserve energy.

8. Parasympathetic Nervous System Effects Constriction of pupils for close vision. Promotion of salivation for digestion. Stimulation of bowel movements.

9. Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic prepares the body for action, while parasympathetic promotes relaxation. Sympathetic is known as "fight or flight," while parasympathetic is known as "rest and digest." Both systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the body.

10. Sympathetic Nervous System Pathway Originates in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. Ganglia are located close to the spinal cord. Uses norepinephrine as the primary neurotransmitter.

11. Parasympathetic Nervous System Pathway Originates in the cranial nerves and sacral region of the spinal cord. Ganglia are located near or within target organs. Uses acetylcholine as the primary neurotransmitter.

12. Sympathetic Nervous System Diagram Image showing the sympathetic nervous system pathway. Highlighting the activation of key organs like the heart, lungs, and adrenal glands. Demonstrating the release of adrenaline for the "fight or flight" response.

13. Parasympathetic Nervous System Diagram Image illustrating the parasympathetic nervous system pathway. Highlighting the activation of key organs like the digestive system and bladder. Showing the promotion of relaxation and digestion.

14. Impact of Stress on the Autonomic Nervous System Prolonged stress can lead to chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This can result in health issues like high blood pressure and digestive problems. Techniques like mindfulness and relaxation can help balance the autonomic nervous system.

15. Autonomic Nervous System and Exercise Exercise can activate the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate and oxygen delivery. After exercise, the parasympathetic nervous system helps the body rest and recover. Regular physical activity can improve autonomic nervous system function.

16. Autonomic Nervous System and Mental Health Imbalance in the autonomic nervous system can contribute to mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. Mind-body practices such as meditation and yoga can help regulate the autonomic nervous system. Seeking professional help is important for managing mental health conditions.

17. Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Disorders like dysautonomia can affect the function of the autonomic nervous system. Symptoms may include lightheadedness, rapid heart rate, and digestive issues. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause of the disorder.

18. Importance of Balancing the Autonomic Nervous System Maintaining a balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches is crucial for overall health. Proper autonomic nervous system function supports optimal bodily functions and responses. Lifestyle factors like stress management, healthy diet, and regular exercise can help maintain this balance.

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