Gbas

1. Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)

2. Landing with ILS

3. Operational Categories Category DH (meters) RVR (meters) CAT-I ≥ 60 ≥ 550 CAT-II 60 > DH ≥ 30 ≥ 350 CAT-IIIA < 30 or no DH ≥ 200 CAT-IIIB < 15 or no DH 200 > RVR ≥ 50 CAT-IIIC No minima No minima

4. ILS GBAS - working for every runway end. multiple precision approaches not only to all the runways at the airport on which it is installed but also to nearby airports. - a beam structure. digital transmission that provide more stable signals in space. - considerably attenuated by adverse weather conditions. not occur weather conditions. capability to change or create approach procedures and touch down points without infrastructure changes possibility of conducting curved or segmented approaches. provide a Positioning service that will support other Terminal Area operations as Departure, Landing and Surface Movements provide guidance in Area Navigation (RNAV) operations. provide a ranging service, similar to the one from GNSS constellation. GBAS and ILS performance

5. Final Approach Segment Definition

6. Runway ILS Performance GBAS Performance FAS GBAS and ILS performance

7. SBAS GBAS SBAS and GBAS supported flight phases

8. GBAS Mission Ground-Based Augmentation Systems are mainly intended to support Precision Approach (PA) operations, from CAT-I to CAT-III PAs. The PA service will act by first establishing a Final Approach Segment (FAS), which is the Instrument Approach phase.

9. GBAS Mission ICAO GNSS SARPs provide guidelines and requirements for GBAS operations to support CAT-I PAs and for the GBAS Positioning service. As referred in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) Navigation Strategy, it is expected that by 2015 GBAS facilities have already widespread replacing ILS as the main provider of CAT-I capability at airports.

10. Conformance : ICAO and EUROCAE international standards (ICAO SARPs on GBAS Annex 10, Volume I with amendments 76, 77, 79; ED-114); ICAO Doc “Guide for ground based augmentation system implementation” May, 2013. ICAO Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation; ICAO Doc 9849 – GNSS Manual; ICAO NSP Manual on Ionospheric Effects on GNSS Aviation Operations – December/2006 TSO C162 - Ground Based Augmentation System Very High Frequency Data Broadcast Equipment. TSO C161 - Ground Based Augmentation System Positioning and Navigation Equipment.

11. Benefits of GBAS ATSPs Airlines Potentially supports all-type Precision Approaches Reduced track miles Single station provides approaches to multiple runway ends Schedule reliability Highly reliable Positioning service enabling to: increase airport capacity; avoid congested airspace; avoid obstacles avoid noise/environmentally sensitive areas Increased signal stability No on-board procedure database Improved surface movements No false lobes/ghosts Reduced ground infrastructure Low visibility takeoff Less maintenance required than ILS Minimal retraining Improves Terminal area surveillance Reduces Flight inspection costs

12. 1. A I R LI N E S F l e x i b l e a pp r oa c h g e o m e t r i e s R e d u c e d f li g ht i ns p ec t i o n t i m e s >> > r e du c t i o n o f t r a c k m il e s le ss a i r p o r t d o w n t i m e >> > >> > re d u c e d fue l bu r n e m issi o n s b e tt e r pun c t u a li t y a nd f e w e r d e l ay s >> > 2 . A I R P O R T S N o ILS cr i t i c a l a r e a s >> > m ax i m i ze d use o f a i r p o r t t ax i w a ys a nd run w a y s m o r e e f f i c i e nt u s e o f air p or t r e a l e s tat e F l e x ible ins ta ll at i o n >> > F l e x i b l e a pp r oa c h g e o me t r i e s >> > i m p r ov e d n o ise a b at e m e n t Operational benefits

13. 3 . A IR N AV I GAT I O N S ER V I C E P R OV ID ER S 2 6 a pp r oa c h e s p e r s tat i o n >> > g r e at e r p r ec isi o n a pp r oa c h c a p a b i l i t y >> > f e w e r n av i gat i o n f r e qu e n c i e s r equ i re d p e r a i r p o r t Fle x i b ili t y in ph y si c a l l o c at i o n o f ins ta ll at i o n >> > a ll o w s p r ov i s i on o f p r eci si o n a pp r oa c h, w h e r e p r e v i o u s l y un a v a i l a b l e Reduce f li g ht i ns pec t i o n t i m e s > > > c o st s a v i n g s , r e du c t i o n o f d o w n t i m e s a nd s i m p lifi es c h a n g es t o f li g ht p r o ce du r e s Si m plified c h a n g e s t o f li g ht p r o c e d u r es >> > G r e a t e r f l e x ibili t y i n p r o c e d u r e d e s i g n >> > o p t i m i z e d u t ili z at i o n o f a i r sp a c e Operational benefits

14. GBAS Architecture

15. Ground Subsystem The Ground Subsystem is the central part of GBAS systems. One Ground Subsystem can support unlimited Aircraft Subsystems within its area of coverage. The location of the GBAS Ground Subsystem is defined by the GBAS Reference Point. The Ground Subsystem shall monitor all GNSS ranging sources and provide users with: Pseudorange Corrections; Integrity Information; and Final Approach Segment data

16. Ground Subsystem

17. Aircraft Subsystem The primary functions of the Aircraft Subsystem are to: Receive and decode the GNSS satellite and GBAS signals; Assess the system Availability to support the flight operation in progress; Determine the aircraft position and its Integrity; and Provide guidance signals and Integrity information.

18. Aircraft Subsystem

19. Primary Flight Display Navigation Display Aircraft Subsystem

20. GBAS Economics (ECAC) Item Price (€) Remarks Infrastructure 500 000 The infrastructure cost includes: the ground station, VDB transmitter and GNSS receivers; Civil works 44 000 Civil works price include execution of platforms for the various stations and antennae. Installation & Commissioning 120 000 This cost includes: initial study, site survey, installation of new equipment and commissioning. Initial Flight Certification 30 000 The flight calibration is more a flight certification since there are no parameters to be set or adjusted in the GBAS system. This price does not include the investment required to provide calibration aircraft dedicated to GBAS flight inspection. Operating Cost (per year) 43 000 The price includes all the spare parts and consumables needed to assure the equipment maintenance, staff expenses and flight certification once every two years.

21. Development of GBAS GBAS stations (source www.flygls.net )

22. GBAS station manufacturers Several companies are working on GBAS ground stations: Honeywell, IACIT, SELEX, NPPF Spectr, Indra, Thales, NEC, Park Air, GM Merck and others.

23. «NPPF SPECTR»

24. GBAS in aircraft manufacturers The big aircraft manufacturers (Boeing and Airbus) have already implemented GBAS landing capability in several of their aircrafts. Airbus offers GBAS CAT I as an optional item for customers in A380, A350 and A320. For A330 and A340, they are still working on approval for operation. Boeing offers GBAS CAT I as an optional item in B737-NG and as a regular item in B747-8 and B787.

25. NDB VOR DME GNSS SBAS GBAS 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Doc 9673 Air Navigation Plan Asia and Pacific Regions

26. MCAA plan for GBAS En-route 2010 2013 2016 202 5 Terminal Approach RNP4 & RNAV10 RNAV2 & RNP 2 RNAV5 & RNAV2 Basic RNP 1SID/STAR at INTL & DOME airports RNAV VOR/DME SID/STAR at INTL Airports RNAV 1SID/STAR at airports in radar coverage RNP APCH Baro-VNAV GBAS/SBAS at certain airports