GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 3) Defense Mechanisms of the body

Defense Mechanisms of the body

1. Microbiology Lecture GBSN (Unit 3) Defense Mechanisms of the body by , Miss Areesha Ahmad Lecturer B.Sc (H), M.Sc , M.Phil and Ph.D scholar (Microbiology)

2. Immune Responses Non specific S pecific response

3. The Fc portion of an antibody, also known as the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region that interacts with Fc receptors ( FcR ) on the surface of many cell types

4. Mast cells: A type of white blood cell that is found in connective tissues all through the body, especially under the skin,

5. M ediators include  histamine, neutral proteases, proteoglycans, and some cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

6. Plasma cells and memory cells are both types of B cells that help the immune system fight bodily invaders .  Plasma cells produce antibodies to fight invaders M emory cells help the immune system fight in the future

7. Cytotoxic memory T cells are a type of white blood cell that helps preserve the memory of an antigen.

8. H ypersensitivity

9. Types of H ypersensitivity Type I: reaction mediated by IgE antibodies. Type II: cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies. Type III: reaction mediated by immune complexes. Type IV: delayed reaction mediated by cellular response .

10. Terms: Pollen grains : seed plant appearing usually as a fine dust Leukotriens : Group of inflammatory chemicals produced in leukocytes Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances  V ascular permeability : ability of blood vessel walls to allow small molecules and cells to pass in and out of the vessel. V asodilation : allow more blood to flow. Bronchoconstriction: narrowing of the airways in the lungs Mucoproduction : Mucous production (slippery fluid)

11. m Terms: Mucosa : moist, inner lining of some organs such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach Hay fever: : also known as pollinosis   common allergic condition such as cold-like symptoms Urticaria : skin rash A naphylactic shock : also known as allergic shock,  severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can affect the entire body

12. Cytotoxic : A substance that kills cells Rh factor: also known as the positive or negative sign in blood types, 

13. Terms: Vessel wall thrombosis : blood clots form in the walls of blood vessels or the heart. Ischemic necrosis: type of cell death that occurs when blood flow to a tissue is reduced or stopped Glomerrulonephritis : Kidney damage caused by inflammation of the glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidneys. Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE): also known as lupus, is  an autoimmune disease that causes the body's immune system to attack healthy tissue

14. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM ) Tuberculin Vaccine (TBC)