GE 7 (Chapter 2).pdf intellectual revolution that defined society today

This PowerPoint is all about the intellectual revolution that defined society today

1. SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
Prepared by: Sheena Duran Fabe

2. CHAPTER 2
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

3. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
01
Critic the way society reacted/accepted these
theories/ideas.
02
Portray the different intellectual revolutions
through role playing.
03
Analyze how each intellectual revolutions
defined society

4. COPERNICAN
REVOLUTION
01
Nicolaus Copernicus

5. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
ManyGreekphilosophersandthinkerswroteaboutplanetsinanefforttoexplain
heavenlybodies'movementsandimpactontheworldastheyknewit.Manyofthese
philosophersagreedthatplanetsrotatedinacircularmotion,whichcauseddaysand
nights,amongotherthings.
◘ClaudiusPtolemy,agreatphilosopherandastronomer,claimedthattheplanets,aswellas
thesunandmoon,revolvedaroundtheEarthinacircularmotion.Ptolemy'sgeocentricmodel
wasuniversallyacceptedandconsideredoneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesoftheperiod.
◘GeocentrismisthebeliefthattheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.
♦NicolausCopernicus,aPolishmathematicianandastronomer,disputedthePtolemaicmodel
inthe16thcentury.Heproposedanewtheoryknownasheliocentrism.
♦Heliocentrism–Thesun,nottheEarth,wasthecenteroftheSolarSystem.

7. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
➢Copernicuswasalsopunishedasahereticsincehistheories
contradictedreligiousdoctrine.Astronomersnoticedafter
sometimethattheCopernicanmodelsimplifiedplanet
orbits.Otherworksthatbackedupthisparadigmbeganto
appearaswell.
➢Itwaseventuallyacceptedbythepublicduringtheso-called"BirthofModern
Astronomy"period.
➢Thisperiodsawthestartofthescientificrevolution,whichresultedinashift
insociety'sattitudesandideas.

8. DARWINIAN
REVOLUTION
02
Charles Darwin

9. DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
Darwin'sbookTheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1589.
✓Thisbookisregardedasoneofthemostimportant
worksinthefieldofscience.
✓Hisbookincludedevidenceofhowspeciesevolved
overtime,aswellasfeaturesandadaptationsthat
distinguishspecies.
HisworkTheDescentofManwasbothamazinganddivisive.
❖Hepopularizedtheconceptofallorganiclife,
includinghumans,fallingundertheevolutionary
umbrella.
❖Thishasdisplacedthepopularbeliefinareligiousor
biblicaldesignthatplaceshumansinaspecial
positionasGod'screations.

11. FREUDIAN
REVOLUTION
03
Sigmund Freud

12. FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
InthesubjectofpsychologySigmundFreudisawell-
knownfigure.Heisatoweringliteraryfigureandagiftedcommunicator
whocontributedtoraisingthecivilizedworld'sawarenessofpsychological
matters(Rosenfels,1980)
PsychoanalyticMethod
Freudalsomadeasignificantcontributiontoscienceby
developinganimportantobservationalmethodforgathering
reliabledatainordertoexploretheinnerlifeofhumans.For
Freud,thismethodofpsychoanalysisisascientificwaytostudy
humanmindandneuroticillness.
Psychoanalysis–Isabranchofpsychologythataimstounderstand
humanbehavior.

13. FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
AccordingtoFreud'sthesis,therearenumerous
consciousandunconsciousinfluencesthatmightimpactone'sbehavior
andfeelings.Healsoclaimedthatpersonalityistheresultofthree
opposingforces:theid,theego,andthesuperego.
Idisabiologicalcomponentthatcausesavarietyofdesiresandurges.Itisbasedon
thepleasureprincipleandfocusesonthefulfilmentofbasicnecessitiessuchasfood
andsex.
Egoservesasabridgebetweentheindividual'swantsandtherealworld,
attemptingtoreducetensionuntilasuitablesettingisfound.Itisthedetermining
factorinone'spersonality.
Superegoisthemoralarmofpersonality.Itisthe“conscience”ofpersonality.It
representsthetraditionalrules,values,andideasofthesociety.

15. INFORMATION
REVOLUTION
04

16. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
TheInformation/DigitalRevolutionisaparadigmtransitionfromthemechanicaltothe
digitalagethataffectsmanyfacetsoflifewiththeprimarygoalofincreasingefficiency.
Becauseofthisrevolution,thereareshiftsorchangesineconomy,employment,education
andpolitics.
Ineconomicshift,thereisthecreativedestructionandthebloomofknowledgeindustries.

17. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
InEmploymentShift,themanuallaborforceisdwindlingasjobsincreasinglydemand
knowledgeandcreativityasaresultofadvancesindigitaltechnology.
InEducationShift,alteringteachingmethods,tactics,andcontenttofocusmoreon
criticalreasoningabilitiessothatgraduatescanbettersynthesislargeamountsofdata
andbecomemorecompetitiveintheinformationfield.
InPoliticsShift,thereisatransformationinthemannerinwhichgovernmentsinteract
andprovideservicestothecitizens,managegovernmentsupplychains,conductinternal
governmentprocessesandcontrolthecontentandflowofinformationinsociety.

18. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
DevelopmentofScienceinMesoamerica
MesoamericaencompassesallofCentralAmerica,fromsouthernMexicototheSouth
Americanborder.
A.MayanCivilization
TheMayanCivilizationisawell-knowncivilizationthatexistedforabout2,000years.
Theircontributions:
1.Astronomy.
2.Forecasteclipsesandplantandharvestutilizingastrologicalcycles.

19. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
3.Twocomplexcalendarsystems
4.Artofraisingvariouscropsandconstructingmagnificentcitieswithsimple
machinesandequipment.
5.Mayanscreatedloomsforweavingtextilesandarainbowofdazzlingcolorsusing
mica,amineral.
6.Firsttomanufacturerubberproducts
7.Mayanhieroglyphicsasawritingsystem
8.Theywerealsomathematicians,andtheydevisedanumberingsystembasedon
thenumber20.Theyalsoinventedtheconceptsofzeroandpositionalvalue
independentlyoftheRomans.

20. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
B.INCACIVILIZATION
InMesoamerica,theIncaCivilizationisequallywell-known.Consideringtheirlimitsasan
ancientsociety,theIncasdevelopedexcellentscientificideas.Theydevelopedthefollowing
scientifictheoriesandtechnologiestoassistthemintheirdailylives.
ThesearethecontributionsofIncaCivilization:
1.stone-pavedroads;
2.stonestructures
3.anirrigationsystem
4.a12-monthcalendar
5.thefirstsuspensionbridge
6.Quipu
7.Incatextiles

21. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
C.AZTECCIVILIZATION
TheAztecCivilizationproducedsignificantcontributionstoscienceandtechnology,aswell
astosocietyasawhole,theircontributionsarethefollowing:
1.Educationisrequired
2.Chocolates
3.Antispasmodicmedication
4.Chinampa
5.AztecCalendar
6.canoe

22. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
DevelopmentofScienceinAsia
Asiaistheworld'slargestcontinentandthebirthplaceofnumerousancientcivilizations.It
hostsawiderangeofcultural,economic,scientific,andpoliticaleventsforpeopleofall
ages.GreatcivilizationssuchasIndia,China,andtheMiddleEasthaveexcelledinthefields
ofscience,technology,andmathematics.
A.INDIA
Indiaisamassivepeninsulasurroundedonthreesidesbyimmensebodiesofwaterand
reinforcedonthenorthbymassivemountains.Indianscameupwithavarietyofinnovative
conceptsandtechnologythattheymightemployintheirdailylives.
Theircontributions:
1.Ironproductionandmetallurgicalworks.
2.Ayurveda
3.360-dayyeardividedinto12equalsectionsof30dayseach.
4.Mohenjo-daroruler

23. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
5.InhisAryabhatiya,IndianastronomerandmathematicianAryabhata(476-550)
introducedanumberoftrigonometricfunctions,tables,andprocedures,aswellas
algebraicalgorithms.
B.CHINA
Chinaisoneoftheworld'soldestcivilizations,withsignificantcontributionstomedicine,
astronomy,physics,mathematics,thearts,philosophy,andmusic,amongother
fields.
ThefollowingarethecontributionsofChina:
1.Acupuncture

24. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
2.Intermsoftechnology,theChineseareknownforcreatingawiderangeoftools.
Compass,papermaking,gunpowder,andprintingequipmentwereamongthenotable
discoveriesandtechnologiesofChinesecivilizations.Theyalsoinventedavarietyofother
equipment,suchastheironplough,wheelbarrow,andpropeller.Theyalsodesigned
variousbridgemodels,inventedthefirstseismologicaldetector,andconstructedadry
dockfacility.
3.Chineseastronomersalsomadeimportantrecordsonsupernovas,lunarandsolar
eclipses,andcomets,whichweremeticulouslyrecordedandmaintainedinordertobetter
comprehendtheheavenlybodiesandtheirconsequencesonourplanet.
4.Inseismology,theChinesearewell-known.Thismadethemmorepreparedintheevent
ofanaturaldisaster.

25. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
DevelopmentofScienceinMiddleEastCountries
MuslimsoccupythemajorityofMiddleEasterncountries.WiththeadventofIslaminthe
7thand8thcenturies,aperiodofMuslimscholarshiplasteduntilthe13thcentury,known
astheGoldenAgeofIslam.TheMuslims'intellectualizationwasaidedbythecommon
languageofArabic,accesstoGreekbooksfromtheByzantineEmpire,andtheirproximity
toIndia.UnliketheGreeks,however,Muslimscientistsplacedahigherpriorityonscience
experimentsthansimplethinkingexperiments.
FamousMuslimscientists,contributethefollowing:
1.Ibnal-Haythamisknownasthe"FatherofOptics"forhisempiricaldemonstrationof
thelightintromissiontheory.

26. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
2.ThenotionofalgorithmisnamedafterMuhammad ibnMusaal-Khwarizmi,whilethe
termalgebraisderivedfromal-jabr,thefirstwordinoneofhisbooks.AlthoughtheArabic
NumeralSystemoriginatedinIndia,Muslimmathematiciansmadesignificant
improvementstothesystem,includingtheintroductionofdecimalpointnotation.
3.JabiribnHayyanisknownasthe"FatherofChemistry."
4.IbnSinawasthefirstphysiciantoperformclinicaltrialsandpioneeredthefieldof
experimentalmedicine.TheBookofHealingandTheCanonofMedicine,twoofhismost
famousmedicalworks,wereutilizedasstandardmedicinaltextsinboththeMuslimworld
andEuropeduringthe17thcentury.Thediscoveryofthecontagiousnatureofinfectious
diseasesandthecreationofclinicalpharmacologyarejusttwoofhisnumerous
accomplishments.

27. INFORMATION REVOLUTION
DevelopmentofScienceinAfrica
NaturalandmineralresourcesaboundthroughoutAfrica.Thehistoryofscienceand
mathematicsrevealsthat,likeotherancientcivilizations,Africa'searlycivilizations
producedknowledge.
ThefollowingarethemostnotablecontributionsofAfrica:
1.Thedevelopmentofgeometry.
2.Egyptwasnotedforbeingahubofalchemy.
3.IntheAfricancontinent,astronomywaswell-known.
4.Inancienttimes,metallurgywasalsoknowninAfricancountries.
5.LebomboBone