GEC 8 ETHICS LESSON 4 TO LESSON 8 PR.pdf

ETHICS

1. LESSON 4:
Issue, Decision,
Judgment and Dilemma

2. GENERALLY SPEAKING, ETHICS
IS ABOUT MATTERS SUCH AS
THE GOOD/RIGHT WE SHOULD
PURSUE AND THE BAD/WRONG
WE SHOULD AVOID.

3. GOOD/BAD
•ENHANCES THE
LIFE OF WHO
POSSESSES IT
•INSTRUMENTALLY/
BIOLOGICALLY
•AS LONG AS IT
SERVES ITS
PURPOSE
RIGHT/WRONG
•COMPLIANCE WITH
RULES/LAWS
•OBLIGATORY/DUTY-
BASED
•AN ACTION IS
JUSTIFIED ON THE
BASED OF ACT ITSELF
REGARDLESS OF THE
CONSEQUENCE

4. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
MORAL AND NON -MORAL
STANDARDS

5. MORAL STANDARD
-refers to the norms which we have about types of
actions which we believe to be morally acceptable
and morally unacceptable. Specifically, moral
standards deal with matters which can EITHER
SERIOUSLY HARM OR SERIOUSLY BENEFIT
HUMAN BEINGS.

6. MORAL STANDARD
are norms that individuals
or groups have about the
kinds of actions believed
to be morally right and
wrong

7. Moral standards are values that a society uses
to determine reasonable, correct, or
acceptable. Some standards are universally
accepted.
Example:most societies believe killing is
wrong, but some make an exception for
killing in a war fought to protect the
country or killing in self-defense.

8. MORAL STANDARD EXAMPLE:
•Speak the truth.
•Be careful with what you say and do to
others.
•Respect the property of others.
•Treat people in need or distress as we
would want to be treated if our
situation were reversed.

9. NON-MORAL STANDARD – refer to rules that
are unrelated to moral or ethical
considerations. Either these standards are not
necessarily linked to morality or by nature lack
ethical sense. Basic examples of non-moral
standards include RULES OF ETIQUETTE,
FASHION STANDARDS, RULES IN GAMES
AND VARIOUS HOUSE RULES.

10. ETIQUETTE
refers to the norms of correct conduct in polite
society or more generally to any special code of
behaviour or courtesy. If you violate them, you’re
likely to be considered ill-mannered, impolite or
even uncivilized. If you want to fit in, get along with
others and be thought well of by them, you should
observe the common rules of politeness or etiquette.

11. STATUTES (REGULATION)
- are laws enacted by
legislative bodies. The law
that defines and prohibits theft
is a statute.

12. MORAL
STANDARD
Force others to
act accordingly
NON MORAL
STANDARD
We have no right
to impose on
others

13. Things that are illegal but are
thought to be moral (for
many)
➢Cheating on a tax return

14. Things that are immoral(for
many) but are not illegal
➢Using abortion as a birth
control measure
➢Breaking a promise to a
friend

15. IDENTIFY IF IT IS MORAL OR NON MORAL
1. No Talking while your mouth is full
2. Do not lie
3. Wear black or white for funerals; never wear
red.
4.The males should be the one to propose
marriage not the females.
5. Don’t steal
6. Observe correct grammar when writing and
speaking English.

16. 7. Submit school requirements on time.
8. When you speak, pronounce the word correctly.
9. Maintain a 36-24-36 body figure.
10. Do not harm innocent people.
11. Harm the bad people.
12. Go with the fashion or else you’re not “in”
13. Focus the microscope properly.
14. Texting while driving.
15. Sit properly

17. Level of Moral dilemma -
individual,
organizational, structural
LESSON 5

18. MORAL ISSUE
Those which involve a
difference of belief and
not a matter of
preference.

19. MORAL CHOICE
Options that are
available.

20. MORAL JUDGEMENT
➢Made by an observer judging
the act of another.
➢How you feel or think about the
matter as you weigh it against
your internal value systems.

21. MORAL DECISION
A choice made based on
person’s belief of what is
right.

22. MORAL DILEMMA
MAHAL MO??
MAHAL AKO??

23. MORAL DILEMMA
•A conflict in which you have to choose between
two or more actions and have moral
reasons for choosing each action.
•In each case, an agent regards herself as
having moral reasons to do each of two
actions, but doing both actions is not
possible.

24. Since there are moral reasons for you
to choose each action, and you cannot
choose them all, it follows that no
matter what choice you make, you will
be failing to follow your morals. In
other words, someone or something
will suffer no matter what choice you
make.

25. It is situation where a
person is forced to choose
between two or more
conflicting options, neither
of which is acceptable

26. In this dilemma here are
some of the conflicts that
plagued Brain throughout
the decision making process

27. If he will help those who are
swimming, their boat will sink and all
of them will die.
If he did not throw the rope, then
those who are in the water will die.
He can sacrifice himself and help one
person, but he is willing to sacrifice
himself either

28. CAREER??
LOVE OF MYLIFE??

29. 3 LEVELS OF MORAL
DILEMMA
1. INDIVIDUAL-PERSONAL
2. ORGANIZATIONAL -
ORGANIZATION/INSTITUTION
3. SYSTEMIC-MACRO LEVEL/OUTSIDE
ORGANIZATION OR INSTITUTION

30. INDIVIDUAL
➢The first level of moral dilemma starts
with personal and individual interaction
of people with situations in their daily
lives. In this level, conflict arises when a
person is asked to choose between
two important values for him or her

31. ➢The dilemma here is when the
employee’s ethical standards
are in opposition to that of
his or her employer, which
could lead to tensions in the
workplace.

32. Example:
You are a passenger on a sinking cruise
ship with your significant other and your
daughter. You have a lifeboat, but there is
only room for two of you. The person who
does not get on the lifeboat will surely
drown. Who do you decide to put on the
lifeboat?

33. ORGANIZATIONAL
➢Ethical standards are seen in company
policies. Still, and all there might be a gap
between those who run the business
whose ethical standards deviate from
that of the organization. This might
cause ethical challenges and conflicts for
those who are working in the company.

34. Example:
Whether to promote a
qualified person from
within or recruit from
outside.

35. SYSTEMIC

36. Ethical dilemmas in the workplace are
quite common and they’re not always
easy to answer. The concepts are
straightforward, but the challenge is in
the execution. Even when the
organization have great policies and
procedures and follow the laws and
regulations, there’s still a high risk of
unethical behavior.