Gen Bio 1_Q1_Lesson 2.3_Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.pptx

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

1. cell: Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1 Mr. Edgardo Jr. Viador eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic cells

2. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1 learning objectives Describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; and Compare and contrast the features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 cell The fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms Cell Biology or Cytology- study of cells prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

4. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 I-KUMPARA MO! Complete a Venn diagram by comparing the PROKARYOTIC and EUKARYOTIC CELLS based on the given details. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

5. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 I-KUMPARA MO! Smaller No membrane bound organelles Reproduces by binary fission Undergoes mitosis to form new cells Ribosomes present Has cytoplasm Has plasma membrane prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

6. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 I-KUMPARA MO! Evolutionary older type of cell Multicellular Has linear DNA in a nucleus Membrane- bound organelles Larger (10- 100 um) Bacterial cells Plant cells prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

7. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 I-KUMPARA MO! Animal cells Has DNA Has a nucleoid Can have a cell wall Unicellular prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

8. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 prokaryotic cell This can be compared to a studio-type of a condominium unit because of the lack of compartments. Overview of a prokaryotic cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

9. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 prokaryotic cell -Metabolically diverse because they can utilize different nutrients and energy sources and they can inhabit all types of environment on Earth Overview of a prokaryotic cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

10. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 prokaryotic cell All bacteria that include the organisms of domains Archaea and Bacteria are considered as prokaryotes.

11. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 eukaryotic cell This is comparable to a mansion which has several rooms or compartments. Overview of a eukaryotic cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

12. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 eukaryotic cell Domain Eukarya, which includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals, is eukaryotic. Overview of a eukaryotic cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

13. prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cell Smaller Ribosomes present Larger No membrane-bound organelles Has DNA Has membrane-bound organelles Reproduces by binary fission Can have a cell wall Undergoes mitosis to form new cells Has nucleoid region Have cell/ plasma membrane Has linear DNA in nucleus Unicellular Multicellular Bacterial cells Plant, animal, fungi, protists Evolutionary older type of cells both prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

14. prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cell bacteria animal cell plant cell fungal cell protist cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

15. 15 Distinguishing Features (cellular parts) Presence of Nucleus Endomembrane and other organelles Cell wall and cell membrane Ribosome Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

16. 16 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Cell wall and cell membrane Endomembrane and other organelles Ribosome The genetic material is enclosed in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotes.

17. 17 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Cell wall and cell membrane Endomembrane and other organelles Ribosome Cell wall of eukaryotes Cell wall of prokaryotes present in most eukaryotic cells (these are not found in animals and most protists) present in almost all prokaryotic cells Cell wall is either made up of cellulose as in plants and chitin in fungi. Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan.

18. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 eukaryotic cellS PLANT CELL WALL FUNGAL CELL WALL

19. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 prokaryotic cellS bacterial cell walls prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

20. 20 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Cell wall and cell membrane Endomembrane and other organelles Ribosome Cell membrane of eukaryotes Cell membrane of prokaryotes The sterols that are present in the cell membrane are cholesterol (animals), phytosterol (plants) and ergosterol (fungi). They do not have sterols in the cell membrane but have a sterol-like lipid component called hopanoid.

21. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 cell membranes animal cell bacterial cell animal cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

22. 22 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Cell wall and cell membrane Endomembrane and other organelles Ribosome Endomembrane system It includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, endosome, and vacuole. It is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells.

23. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 endomembrane system prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

24. 24 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Cell wall and cell membrane Endomembrane and other organelles Ribosome Ribosome of eukaryotes Ribosome of prokaryotes Ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm, outer nuclear membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, and chloroplast. All ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm.

25. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 ribosomes animal cell bacterial cell prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1

26. 26 The DNA structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is different from one another. Will it affect the process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation? If so, how? If not, why did you say so?

27. Other Distinguishing Features Shape of DNA Mode of Reproduction Number of Chromosome Transcription and Translation Cell Size DNA Replication Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

28. 28 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Chromosome shape in eukaryotes Chromosome shape in prokaryotes more than one linear DNA with histone one covalent, closed, circular DNA

29. 29 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Chromosome number in eukaryotes Chromosome number in prokaryotes Eukaryotes have more than one chromosome so histones are essential in packaging DNA into nucleosomes and helping it to condense into chromatin. Most prokaryotes have only one chromosome and an extrachromosomal DNA called a plasmid.

30. 30 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Relative sizes of bacteria (prokaryote), plant cell (eukaryote), and animal cell (eukaryote)

31. 31 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Mode of reproduction in eukaryotes Mode of reproduction in prokaryotes In eukaryotic cells, individual cells reproduce through mitosis and meiosis . Most prokaryotic cells reproduce through binary fission and some reproduce through spores .

32. 32 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Eukaryotic cells undergoing mitosis

33. 33 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation DNA replication in eukaryotes DNA replication in prokaryotes Eukaryotic cells have multiple points of origin and use unidirectional replication within the nucleus. DNA replication occurs in two opposing directions at the same time in the cytoplasm.

34. 34 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation

35. 35 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation DNA replication in eukaryotes DNA replication in prokaryotes Telomerase is involved in the replication of telomeres of the eukaryotic chromosome. Prokaryotic cells do not have telomeres so telomerase is not present and involved in their DNA replication.

36. 36 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation DNA replication in eukaryotes DNA replication in prokaryotes Eukaryotes only replicate their DNA during the S-phase of interphase in cell division. Prokaryotes continuously replicate their short DNA.

37. 37 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Transcription and translation in eukaryotes Transcription and translation in prokaryotes The transcription occurs in the nucleus and the translation occurs in the cytoplasm . Transcription and translation can be done at the same time in the cytoplasm .

38. 38 Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation

39. 39 An unknown cell is discovered in a sulfur-rich area. The cell is about 750 µm in size but there are no partitions or compartments inside the cell. What type of cell is the unknown cell?

40. prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 4.1 | General Biology 1 prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells Quarter 1 Lesson 2.3 | General Biology 1