GEN-BIO-GROUP-ARISTOTLE .pptx

presentation

1. Nerve Cells Muscle Cells Red Blood Cells Parts and Functions of the:

2. 01 Definition of nerve cells

3. What is nerve cell? Nerve cells or neurons are very specialized cells of the nervous system. Since an electrical signal needs to travel relatively long distances to parts of the body, nerve cells have specialized structures called dendrites, which receive an electrical signal from another neuron; and axon which transmits an electrical signal to another neuron.

4. DENDRITE: The main function of dendrites is to receive information from other neurons, called pre-synaptic neurons, or from the environment. The signals from pre-synaptic neurons come in the form of neurotransmitters. The cell body is the core section of the neuron. The cell body contains genetic information, maintains the neuron's structure, and provides energy to drive activities. Like other cell bodies, a neuron's soma contains a nucleus and specialized organelles. SOMA (CELL BODY):

5. NUCLEUS From the broadest perspective, the function of axons is to carry electrical impulses that are the means of communication within the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body. AXON: The neuron's nucleus is the central area where all the neuronal protein synthesis takes place. The nucleus contains the genetic material that helps in the ribosomal RNA synthesis process. Another function of the neuron's nucleus is to guide the axon hillock that generates the impulses throughout the axon.

6. MYELIN SHEATH Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells. If myelin is damaged, these impulses slow down.

7. 02 Muscle Cells

8. Muscle cells consist mainly of pairs of special proteins called actin and myosin that cause the muscle to contract. Muscle Cells

9. MYOSIN ACTIN: Actin creates smaller filaments Myosin forms large filaments The filaments of actin and myosin work together to create force.

10. 03 Red Blood Cells

11. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are specialized cells that circulate across the body by distributing oxygen to cells. Red blood cells have a biconcave shape (flattened disk shape) that maximizes their surface area for enhanced oxygen absorption. Red Blood Cells

12. The red blood coloring comes from the protein hemoglobin that contains Iron. This protein has the purpose not only of carrying oxygen, but also carbon dioxide. Red blood cells are filled with hemoglobin at a rate of about 250 million hemoglobin molecules per cell. Each molecule of hemoglobin binds four oxygen molecules so that each red blood cell carries one billlon oxygen molecules Red Blood Cells

13. Whatare the two (2) pairs of protein in muscle cells? Actin and Myosin . What are the use of actin and myosin? Creates filaments and together they make a force . How many oxygen does Red Blood Cell carry? - One Billion oxygen moleculess POP QUIZ!

14. What is the core section of the cell ? Soma (cell body). What cell distributes oxygen across the body ? - Red Blood Cells (RBC). POP QUIZ!

15. Thank you!