Gender Presentation

Gender in the Workplace

1. GENDER Deniz İspirli Organizational Behavior 1

2. Presentation Outline Gender and Sex Origins of Gender and Gender Behavior Gender Roles Gender in Culture and Media Gender at Workplace Segregation of Labor Market Gender ( In ) Equality Sexual harassment and discrimination at workplace Gender Statistics 2

3. Gender and Sex Gender refers to the way members of the two sexes are perceived, evaluated, and expected to behave Sex ( sexual dimorphism ) refers to the physiological differences between men and women 3

4. What Makes Men and Women Different ? Biological Determinism : The idea that certain characteristics are inherently distinct as a result of biological factors. Gendering : The process by which individuals take on gender identities, behaviors, and actions. 4

5. How do we develop our gender roles ? Psychoanalytic Theories Social- L earning Theory Cognitive D evelopment Theory Gender-Schema Theory 5

6. Gender Roles Man for the field and woman for the heart: Man for the sword and for the needle she: Man with the head and woman with the heart: Man to command and woman to obey; All else confusion Lord Alfred Tennyson, 19th century 6

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8. Patriarchy Exploitation of women’s labor by their husbands Gender relations within paid labor The role of male violence Patriarchal relations in the state Patriarchal relations in culture and cultural institutions 8

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10. Gender Stereotyping 10

11. Culture and Media Stereotypical images of women and men in media Objectification of bodies TV series and ads: women as passive victims of social forces ; men as hyper-masculine heroes 11

12. Segregated Labor Market Horizontal Segregation : Gender segregation across occupations Vertical Segregation : Gender segregation within an occupation 12

13. Gender Inequality at Workplace Primary labor markets consists of work in large corporations, industries or governments agencies. Workers receive relatively high wages and enjoy good job security. Secondary labor markets include forms of employment, which are unstable, where job security and wages are low and there are fewer opportunities for promotion. 13

14. Gender Inequality at Workplace Contd . Sex Segregation ( Sexual division of labor ) Differences in Promotion Differences in Authority Differences in Earnings 14

15. Reasons for GI Cultural beliefs – Gender ideologies Men’s actions Employers 'actions Workers 'own preferences and abilities - Human Capital Theory 15

16. Workplace Values Men Pay and Benefits Achievement and Success Status and Authority Strengths of Men at Work Goal orientation Tangible Accomplishments Problem Solving Singleness of Purpose Responsiveness to Challenge 16

17. Workplace Values Strengths of WoMen at Work Harmony, balance, nurturance, serenity, creativity, vision Teamwork and collaboration Detail oriented WoMen Friends at Work and Relationships Recognition and Respect Communication and Collaboration 17

18. Styles side by side Report Style More direct Longer meeting talk Task-oriented Independence Sports, politics talk Downplay doubts Verbal opposition Solve problems when stg is wrong Independent decision-maker Rapport Style Less direct Disclaimers, Succinct meeting talk Relationship-oriented Personal talk Downplay certainty Ritual apology Give praise when stg is right Collaborative decision-maker 18

19. Equality 19

20. OECD Gender Initiative 2012   Girls significantly outperform boys in reading in all OECD countries. Boys are ahead in mathematics, but the gender gap is small compared to reading. At university, women and men choose different fields of study. Women do more unpaid work than men. 20

21. OECD Gender Initiative 2012 Cont . Although the gender wage gap has narrowed over time, it is still large. Women are still under-represented in top corporate jobs Women are less likely than men to own a business and employ others. Women’s presence in national parliaments has increased, but gender gaps are still large. 21

22. Where is Turkey ? Global Gender Gap Index 2012: overall 124th (total 135) TurkStat 2011 29,4 % of total workforce are women 28,8 % of women in workforce (15+) 71,7 % of men in workforce (15+) 22

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29. Sex Discrimination Sex discrimination at work is the use of irrelevant characteristics such as sex, race, age or appearance to make employment related decisions. Sex discrimination is related to sex segregation, sex differences in promotions, authorities and earnings. 29

30. Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment involves unwanted attention of a sexual nature, whether through acts of a physical, verbal, or otherwise suggestive nature. In many cases of sexual harassment organizational power is a factor, where the women is bothered by an organizationally more powerful male. 30

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