General Characteristic of Birds

General Description of Internal and external structure of Birds

1. General characteristic of aves Subject: Vertebrate biology Submitted by: Adnan(2k17-Ms-25) Submitted to: Madam Edna Azad

2. Outlines 1 . Introduction. 1.1Number. 1.2 Size 1.3 Habitat 1.4 Habit 2.External Morphology 2.1 Mouth. 2.2 Body. 2.3 Feather 2.4 Wings. 2.5 Feet 3.Internal Morphology. 3.1 Digestive System 3.2 Circulatory system 3.3 Respiratory System 3.4 Excretory System 3.5 Nerve System 4. Reproduction

3. 1.Introduction Aves(birds) belong to subphylum vertebrate, and Phylum Chordata. Aves ar e Homothermous (Warm Blooded) and the study of Birds is defined as ornithology.

4. 1.2: Habitat Aves are live on the land some Are Aquatics such as (Penguin, Petrels, Auk, puffins and Grebes)

5. 1.3: Habit: Birds have diverse diets the eat both plants and Animals from air water and land. 1.1 Numbers Class Aves Has about 9,000 Thousand Species.

6. 1.2 : Size The ostrich is the Largest birds While the Humming is Smallest birds in Class Aves.

7. 2.External Morphology External Morphology including the external shape and Body of Aves. As Mouth. Body feet etc.…... 2.1: Mouth Their Mouth is toothless and their jaws are Prolongated into the Beck. The shape of bird’s beck depends on what the eat seed- crushing, fruit – Scooping Flesh- tearing – wood chiseling

8. 2.2: Body Body is streamline and spindle their Spindle Shaped Body resist the wind.

9. 2.3: Feathers Body is covered extremely with Feathered. The Feathers help in preventing heat loss and reduce Air Friction by providing passage to the

10. 2.4 wings Their fore limbs are modified in to wings. 2.5 feet The bird’s feet are adopted in many ways. Depended Upon their diet and living place.

11. 3.Internal Morphology The internal Morphology is the internal structure of birds Such as digestive sys, Respiratory sys…. 3.1: Digestive System The bird’s Alimentary canal has addition chambers, the Crop and gizzard. The crop store and soften the Food, The Gizzard help in crushing and churning the food There is a cloacal aperture.

12. 3.2: Circulatory system: Heart has four chambers two atria and ventricles. A bird’s Heart rate can be extremely high in order to Pump large amount of oxygen to the bird’s body.

13. 3.3 : Respiratory systems The have lungs and air sacs, air sacs allow one-way air Follow and act as holding tanks for air. The larynx does not act as a voice box. Voice is Produced by a special organ, the Syrinx.

14. 3.4:Excretory system The kidneys are metanephric which drain the Nitrogenous waste matter in to cloaca through the Ureters. Urinary bladder is absent except South American Ostrich, this is the only birds that ha urinary Bladder.

15. 3.5: Nerve System Brain is better developed than that of reptiles, of which Cerebrum, Cerebellum and optic lobes are quite large. Cerebrum , control complex behavior patterns. Such as Navigation, matting and nest building. Cerebellum, coordinates Movement. Birds have 12 pairs of cranial Nerves

16. 4.Reproduction All the birds are oviparous and exhibit sexual dimorphism. The eggs have four embryonic membrane amnion, chorion, allantois, and yolk sac. Female has usually well- developed single left ovary and Oviduct. If right ovary and oviduct are present, they are Vestigial.

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