General Concept and Historical Antecedents

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1. General concept & Historical Antecedents Group 1 Justine Mae Emata Mae Ann Decano Dexter Berches

2. Learning Objectives • Define Science, technology and Society •Discuss the interactions between science, technology and society throughout the history • Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment •What are the historical antecedents that change the course of Science and technology in the world.

3. Science?? It is from the Latin word scientia', meaning "knowledge" A system of acquiring knowledge based on the Scientific Method As a process used to solve problems or develop an understanding of nature that involves testing possible answers.

4. Scientific Method

5. Science?? Science is the human attempt to understand the natural world, with or without concern for practical uses of that knowledge. Tries to discover facts and relationships and tries to create theories that make sense of these facts and relations.

6. Science?? The natural world includes: volcanoes gravity atoms plants and animals, people, societies and galaxies

7. Technology?? Two Greek words "techne“ means art, skill or cunning of hand and "logos" (discourse, reason). It refers to method, system, and devices which are the results of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes

8. Technology?? The human attempt to change the world. By creating products that can help people. It involves tools, techniques and procedures for putting the findings of science to use.

9. Technology?? Examples of Technology Smartphone • Smartphone • Laptop • Electrical Appliances • Machinaries

10. Came from the Latin word “ societas ” which means “a friendly association with others” Society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Society??

11. Science explores for the purpose of knowing. While technology explores for the purpose of making something useful from that knowledge. Interaction between Science and Technology Science drives technology by making new technology possible through scientific breakthroughs.

12. Interaction between Science and Technology Without technology, some science experiments would not be possible. Without science, technology could not proceed.

13. Roles of Science and Technology Science and technology significantly impact economic development by transforming people's lives, communication, and transactions. The 21st century's technological revolutions, based on micro-processors, tele-communications, bio-technology, and nano-technology, transform business practices and lives. These technologies can improve the lives of poor people in developing countries and differentiate countries tackling poverty effectively. Technology and science both aim to solve problems, but technology focuses on practical solutions.

14. HOW SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AFFECT SOCIETY ?

15. Historical Antecedents

16. Ancient Times In the ancient times the primary concem are transportation and naviga communic econd keep masa production, security and prote as well as health, aesthetics, and architecture

17. Sumerian civilization

18. Sumeria is located in the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia, now known as Iraq. Sumerians are known for their high degree of cooperation with and their cesire for great things. Sumeria

19. Cuneiform considered as the first writing system developed by Sumerians. This allowed Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value of their everyday Cuneiform Uruk City Uruk City is considered to be the first true city in the world. Built by Sumerians using only mud or clay from the river, which they mixed with reeds producing sun-baked bricks.

20. The Great Ziggurat of Ur is also called as the "Mountain of god". It was built in the same manner that Sumerians constructed the City of Uruk using sun-baked bricks. It served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priests were allowed to enter, Great Ziggurat of Ur

21. Irrigation and Dikes are created by Sumerians to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding in the rivers. This was considered as one of the world's most beneficial engineering works. Irrigation and Dikes

22. Wheel was invented by Sumerians for farm work and food processing. Farmers were able to mill with less effort in less time. Sailboats Sailboats Sailboats are primarily used by Sumerians for transportation through their waterways such as rivers and seas.

23. Plow was invented by Sumerians to dig the earth in a faster pace. This enable farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster, enabling them. to mass produce food without taking so much effort and time. Plow

24. Babaylon civilization

25. Hanging Gardens of Babylon was a structure said to be made up of layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines. It was said to be built by the great Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar Il for his wife Queen Amytis. However, no physical evidence has been found to prove its existence and its exact location. Hanging garden of Babaylon

26. in biblical literature, it is a structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia). The story of its construction appears to explain the existence of diverse human languages. According to Genesis, the Babylonians wanted to make a name for themselves by building a mighty city and a tower with its top in the heavens. The city was never completed, and the people were dispersed over the face of the earth. Tower of Babel

27. Egyptian civilization

28. Paper or Papyrus Invented by Egyptians since clay tablets were heavy to transport and not convenient for safe-keeping. Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. This invention was a major accomplishment in Egyptian record keeping and communications.

29. Ink Invented by Egyptians since they ceased to use clay tablets and invented the papyrus. Made by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks with different colors, Hieroglyphics Writing system developed by Egyptians which uses symbols. Egyptians believed that this writing system was provide to them by the gods. Hieroglyphics

30. Cosmetics Cosmetics invented by Egyptians for health and aesthetic reasons. Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases, Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena.

31. Wig During the ancient times, wigs were worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes. The wigs were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from harmful rays of the sun.

32. Water clock / clepsydra This device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The amount of water (or its height, depending on the method used) remaining in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full.

33. Greek civilization

34. Alarm Clock Greek's alarm clocks used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. Plato was believed to have utilized an alarm clock to signal the start of his lecture. Plato's version of alarm clock used four vessels lines up vertically.

35. Water Mill It was considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greek civilization to the world. Commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was necessary form of food processing during that time. Greeks only required access to rivers or flowing water where a mechanism of a large wheel with small "buckets" of water attached to it could be installed.

36. Roman civilization

37. "Gazettes", this contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. Gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed. With the advent of the paper minutes of the proceedings of the Roman senate were done in shorthand. . Newspaper Bound books or Codex Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break, was lightweight, and did not occupy much space. This has resulted the civilizations to become fond of record-keeping, especially documenting historical events and newly legislated laws.

38. Considered as the continuation of Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance. Roman architecture was regarded as pioneering since the Romans were able to adapt new building and engineering technology on architectural designs. Roman Architecture

39. Devised by Romans to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns. Not widely used at present due to its inherent limitations, however, quite a number of enthusiasts would still use it over more popular number systems, like the Hindu-Arabic system. Roman Numerals

40. Chinese civilization

41. Chinese developed technology to harvest the silk, naturally. produced by silkworms, and process it to produce paper and clothing. Silk production resulted in the creation of a product for trade. This has opened China to the outside world, making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges. Silk

42. Tea Production Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves. It was believed that the first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor.

43. Once considered as the only man-made structure that can be seen from the outer space. It is said to be the largest and most expensive infrastructures that the nation built. Great Wall of China It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders of China. Made with stone, brick, wood, earth, and other minerals, it showcased the extent of Chines engineering technology at that time.

44. One of the most interesting inventions in China. Originally developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve "elixir of life" or immortality but instead they accidentally invented a black powder that could generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant. Made by mixing charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate. Also used by Chinese for fireworks during important celebration in China. Gun Powder

45. Medieval / Middle Ages

46. Johan Gutenberg was able to invent the printing press, a more reliable way of printing using a cast type. He utilized wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits, attached to them a metal impression of the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on paper. Printing Press Microscope Zacharias Janssen was able to develop the first compound microscope guided by the principles used for the invention of eyeglasses. With this device, people were able to observe organisms that were normally unseen by the naked eye. The microscope was key in discovering new means in preventing and curing various illnesses.

47. An optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects. This helped navigators during this time to see far and wide to avoid dangers in the sea. Together with telescope, the invention of the compass, oars, and rudders made sea travelling easier and faster. Telescope War Weapons. Great development in the weaponry technology occurred during this time. Weapons were developed as offensive tools and as defensive tools. For open-area battles, people developed cross bows and long bows so that they could attack the enemies at long ranges. . War Weapons

48. MODERN TIMES

49. Pasteurization Louis Pasteur, a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist, found a way to solve the problem on keeping the manufactured food from deteriorating, especially dairy products. He invented Pasteurization, the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. Other contributions of Pasteur includes his works on molecular asymmetry, fermentation, and vaccination.

50. Petroleum Refinery Modern times demanded better means of powering homes and transportation. At first, people used animal oils for generating light to illuminate their homes. However, the production of animal oils could not keep up with the demand, Samuel M. Kier was able to invent kerosene by refining petroleum.

51. Telephone It was considered as one of the most important invention of that time, Alexander Graham Bell developed telephone. This addressed. the need of communication system which would allow the government to administer their states well.

52. Calculator Modern times required a faster way to compute more complicated equations. The creation of modern calculators did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development of more complex processing machines like the computer.

53. Philippine Invention •Salamander Amphibious Tricycle •Karaoke •16-bit microchips •Coconut oil-fueled power generator •Medical incubator •Salt lamp •Erythromycin-llosone •Yoyo •Videophone •ilduced mango flowering (chemical spraying)

54. Philippine Invention •DeBCC Cream •Quink-ink •Fermented Fish Sauce Macapuno •E-Jeepney •Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal (OL) Trap •Methods of Controlling Leprosy •Banana Catsup •Game of the Generals Coconet •Eco-G3000, a low-cost, low maintenance fuel-emission reduction device designed to reduce vehicular gas consumption and toxic emission.

55. TY!