General instruments by Prashant Kumar

General instruments in this ppt.
completely describe of general instrument.

1. Departmental Prashant kumar Diploma in operation theater technician Year 2020-2022 King georg’s medical university Institute of paramedical sciences facuty lucknow u.p

2. Instrument Common name of the instrument Common uses Common surgery in which use Other uses Sterilisation method

3. Cheatle forceps

4. Curved blade with large serration. It has no catch lock. Usually dipped in antiseptic solution cidex / savlon in O.T. Uses- Sterilised and autoclave articles like instrument, drapes. Transfer sterilised article from one tray to another. Silent Feature-

5. Sponge Holder Forceps( Rampley’s sponge holder)

6. Tip of the blade are oval, fenestrated and with horizontal serration on its inner aspect. Catch lock for firm grip of swab/sponge. Long shaft and blade provided to prevent instrument from touching and unsterilefield . Key point- For abdomen surgery area from mid chest to mid thigh needed to be exposed and pointed. Silent Feature-

7. To paint and operative field, first savlon ( cetrimide solution) followed by spirit and 2-3 coats of povidine -iodine solution is used. Uses- To clean the operative area. For swabing and backing cavities. To hold shaft hollow organ like gallbladder,fundus in cholecytectomy . Cont.

8. Can hold cervix in pregnant patient. Can be used in place of ovum forceps. Can be used as a tounge holding forceps. Cont.

9. BPKH(Bard-parker knife Handle)

10. It is also called as surgeon knife. It is shaft with group are serration for better griping. It have slot for attaching scalpel blade. The most common size – 3,4 Blade no. 11,15 – (3) BP handle no. Blade no. 21,23 – (4) BP handle no. Silent Feature-

11. Uses- It is used to give skin incision in surgery. It is used to do sharp desection to rise skin flap in surgeries like MRM, thyroidectomy , incisional hernia. Cont.

12. Allis Tissue Forceps- Forceps-

13. Its blade are straight elong the axis with gap to accommodate to the tissue in between. It have sharp teeth at the tip which interlock on closing with minimal crushing of tissue. In this instrument catch lock mechanism are present. Silent Feature-

14. It is used to hold thin but tough(hard) structures skin, deep fascia, rectus sheath e.t.c . It is used to hold the fibrous capsule of a structure for dissection. It is used to hold to skin margin while rising skin flapsin surgeries. Ex- thyroidectomy , MRM, neck section. It can be used in place of towel clip. Uses-

15. Babcock Forceps-

16. It is not traumatic type, it have curved and fenestrated plated, allow a bulky amount of tissue to be held in between. Blade tip have transverse serrations. The fenestrated in the blades makes the instrument lite . Uses- It is used to hold delicate the shaft tissue, appendix, urinary bladder, ureter , cord, lymph node. Silent Feature-

17. Kocher’s Haemostatic Iron ( Toothed Variety )

18. It has a single sharped tooth at the tip of one blade and the groove at the tip of another blade. The blade are conical and blunt with transverse serration on inner margin. It may be straight or curved. It has catch lock mechanism are present. Silent Feature-

19. To hold spermatic cords at deep ring before cutting and ligatting it during high inguinal orchiectomy (also k/a orchidectomy). To hold the rib during rib resection. It is used to hold tough fibrous fascia palm and soles. It is used to hold pedicals with major vessel during surgery like splenectomy , nephrectomy etc. Uses-

20. It is two types – Halsted mosquito forceps - Spencer wells artery forceps Haemostatic artery forceps

21. Halsted mosquito forceps

22. It is very small in size. It have pointed tips. It is used to hold small pointed bleeding sides. To separate glans penis from inner surface of prepuce in circumcission . Silent Feature-

23. Spencer wells artery forceps

24. May be small/medium/long. Long artery forceps use for drain insertion in peritoneal cavity and hold in deeper tissue in surgeries like – cholecystectomy . Silent Feature- Its blade have transverse serration, well apposed with no gap in between. Its blade are usually half and the length of the shaft. It may straight or curved. Catch lock mechanism are present.

25. It is used as a haemostat . It is used to hold the cut edge of fascia, aponeurosis , peritoneum. It is used to open up abscess cavity. It is used to hold free end of tension. It is used to crush the base of appendix. To desect the vein while doing veinsection . Uses-

26. Plain Forceps (Non - Toothed Forceps)

27. To hold delicate suture like peritoneum, bowl-wall, vessels etc. It is used to hold cut margins of intestine during resection anastomosis. To hold skin over face and cartilage for suturing purpose. To hold suture during tension suturing. Uses-

28. (Toothed Forceps)

29. Tooth at tip of one blade and groove at the tip of other blade. Which provides better grip of tissue. Uses- It is used to retect skin flap during various surgeries. It is used to hold cut margins of skin while suturing the wounds. To hold touch structures like skin fascia, rectus sheath etc. Silent Feature-

30. Lane’s tissue forceps

31. Its have a single sharp teeth at the tip of one blade and groove at the tip of other blade. It have curved thick and fenestrated blade. Fenestration make the instrument lite and aid in tissue holding. Catch lock mechanism are present. Silent Feature-

32. It is used to hold tough and bulky tissue like – Skin for apposition. Sac lining for incision. Appendix during appendectomy. It may be used in place of towel clip. It is used to hold submandibular or parotid gland during there surgeries. To hold breast tissue while separating it pectoral fascia in MRM. Uses-

33. Lister sinus forceps

34. Blade with transverse serration near the tip. It tips are blunt and non-traumatic. No catch-lock mechanism are present. Uses- It is used to drain and abscess by breaking all locally inside the abscess of cavity. Silent Feature-

35. Right angle mixter haemostatic forceps ( lahey's forceps)

36. Surgeries tissue forceps with right angle term at it tip which permit and alternative approach to same sides that are in accessible. It have transverse serration at tips for better grip. Uses- It is used to desect calot’s triangle in open cholecystectomy and to pass the ligazer around cystic duct and cystic artery. Silent Feature-

37. It is used to dissect the padicals the solid organs like kidney, spleen etc from adjecent tissue. It is also used as a haemostatic forceps to hold bleeding vessels as depth. To desect arteriovenous structure during surgery like nephrectomy , spelenctomy , thyroidectomy . Cont.

38. Desjardin's Choledocholithotomy forceps

39. It have long gentally curve shaft. It have fenestrated tip to hold stone properly. No serration in the blade or at the tips. No catch lock mechanism are present. To prevent crushing of stone. It is used to remove stone from the common bile duct ( Choledocholithotomy ). It can be used to remove stone from the kidney. Silent Feature-

40. 1. Langenbeck retractor Retractors

41. It have small solid blade. The tip of the blade curved at right angle for better retraction of tissue. Handle is serrated, fenestrated for better grip and to reduce weight. Uses- It is used to retract skin is weak vessels and nerve. Silent Feature-

42. It is used to retract different layer of abdomen while repairing posterior wall in inguinal hernia repair. It is used to retract recti from midline to reach bladder wall during cystolithotomy . Cont.

43. 2. Czerny Retractor

44. It have small solid blade on one end and biflaget on the other at right angle to the shaft. It is also called hernia retractor. Hooks and blades are in opposite direction. Shaft is fenestrated to reduce to the weight. Silent Feature-

45. It is used to retract subcutaneous tissue in various surgeries. The solid blade is used to retract the margin of incision. Biflanged end is used to give the last stich during wound closure. Uses-

46. 3. Deaver Retractor

47. It have large retractor with broad ‘S’ shaped blades. Long handle which end in the form of hooked for better grip. Uses- To retract intra abdominal viscera like spleen, liver during surgeries. To retract the bladder wall during suprapubic cystolithotomy . To retract the pelvic structures during surgery of appendix, caecum etc. Silent Feature-

48. Needle Holder Forceps

49. It blades have smaller as compared to handle. The blades with cris -cross serration with a groove for the needle. It may be short/medium/long. Uses- It is used to hold different type of needle while suturing and ligation. Needle held at the junction of posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 of its length. Silent Feature-

50. It can have blunt/sharp/pointed tip according to use – It have pivot joint for free and smooth movement. It can be straight or curved. No catch lock mechanism are present. Uses- For cutting various structures and sutures. It used for sharp dissection of various tissue in surgeries like MRM, incisional hernia etc. Scissors  

51. Mayo dissecting scissors

52. Long and stout scissors use. Uses- It is used to tough structure like external aponeurosis like appendectomy. Silent Feature-

53. Metzenbaum scissors

54. Lighter than mayo’s Long fine scissor with short blades mostly fine tip. Uses- It is used for fine tissue dissection. It is used to dissect hernia sac from cord structures. It is used to cut delicate structures like cystic duct and artery after ligating them. To create a plain between tissue while dissecting cyst, lipoma etc. Silent Feature-

55. Heath suture cutting scissors

56. Fine scissors curved on angle type. One blade has serration to grip the suture during its removal. Uses- It is used for cutting suture. Silent Feature-