Generations of antibiotics

Here are some basic info regarding antibiotics generations

1. GENERATIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS Presented by: Tahmid Faisal Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacy Stamford University Bangladesh

2. What is antibiotic? Antibiotics are chemical compounds used to kill ( Bactericidal ) or inhibit ( Bacteriostatic ) the growth of infectious organisms (like Bacteria, protozoa)

3. How Different types of Antibiotics work ?

4. Generation of Antibiotics Generation term comes only in case of Penicillins and Cephalosporins (Beta lactam antibiotics) and depending on their action on the cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria they are classified by using terms ‘ Broad spectrum’ and ‘Narrow spectrum’ antibiotics.

5. Gram + ve Vs Gram – ve Bacteria

6. 1 st Generation Antibiotics H ave a narrow spectrum of clinical use (this means there are only a few organisms that they are able to successfully treat with this class of penicillin) good for common gram-positive bacteria that cause ear and throat infections, venereal diseases of gonorrhea and syphilis, and staph infections due to  Staphylococcus aureus  that cause abscesses, endocarditis and pneumonia

7. A very high number of the drugs in this group are resistant to organisms that produce penicillinase [ Penicillinase is an enzyme that some bacteria are capable of producing. This enzyme is also called a beta-lactamase and it inactivates some of the penicillins .]

8. Examples Penicillin G and Penicillin V Cephalosporins : Cephazolin Cephalothin Cephapirin Cephalethin Cephradin Cephadroxin

9. 2 nd Generation Antibiotics H ave an extended or Intermediate spectrum of clinical use (Some gram + ve and gram- ve ). W ork equally as well as penicillin G class plus effective against  Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae   which are associated with urinary, respiratory and ear infections N ot very effective against penicillinase -producing organisms

10. Examples Penicillin: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin Cephalosporin: Cefuroxime Cephamandole Cephoxitin Cephaclor Cephrozil Loracarbef

11. 3 rd Generation Antibiotics Third generation cephalosporin drugs are broad spectrum and the effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. However their optimum activity is against gram negative bacteria. used in the treatment of serious urinary, respiratory and bacteremic infections due to gram-negative  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris not resistant to penicillinase -producing organisms

12. Examples Penicillin: carbenicillin and ticarcillin Cephalosporins : Cephixime Cephtriaxone Cephotaxime Cephtizoxime Cephtazidime

13. 4 th Generation Antibiotics These are extended spectrum antibiotics. They are not resistant to Beta lactumase producing microorganisms. used for serious infections due to  Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacteroides fragilis  in combination with other antibiotics Examples: Cephipime

14. 5 th Generation Antibiotics Extended spectrum Antibiotics. Examples: Cephtaroline : Pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection Cephtobiprole : Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus .