genes.pptx..............................

genes

1. Who’s In the Picture

2. Marian Rivera

3. Liza Soberano

4. Ariana Grande

5. Mr. Bean

6. a. Is it easy to distinguish the person even if only part of their face shown? b. Do you think every part of the face is distinct to an individual? What do you think made it unique?

7. GENES : Making You the Person You Are. Molecular Genetics 9th grade

8. Understanding the Concepts of Genes and Chromosomes We are all different, but we all belong to the same species. How come we possess different characteristics? This is true not only for humans but for other living organisms as well.

9. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) The blue print of life. DNA, also contains instruction on what physical features an organism possess. DNA, is unique to an individual. Twins, even if they look similar, have different DNA. This variation in DNA causes the diversity of life.

10. Genes Is the functional unit heredity. Genes are set of instruction that determine what the organism is like and its appearance, among others. They provide instructions to make molecules called proteins. They are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is wrapped in proteins known as histones. This wrapped DNA molecules are now called chromosomes.

11. Chromosomes A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins.   Allow DNA to be accurately copied during these cell divisions.

12. W hat is the difference between DNA, Gene, and Chromosomes ? DNA is the molecule that contains genetic information, genes are specific segments of DNA that carry instructions for specific functions, and chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that organize and package the genetic material within a cell. Together, they work in harmony to store, transmit, and express genetic information in living organisms.

13. HISTORY OF DNA

14. H uman Genomics Timeline

15. DNA Structure DNA molecules is similar to a twisted ladder. When you uncoil it, the backbone of the ladder is composed of alternating deoxyribose sugars and phosphate. The rungs of the ladder are the nucleotides bases. There are four bases in DNA held by hydrogen bonds. Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

16. According to Erwin Chargaff, the percentage of adenine is always almost equal to the percentage of thymine. T he same thing is true for the percentage of guanine and cytosine. H ence, the Chargaff rule is formulated, which stste that adenine always pair with thymine (A-T) and Cytosine always pair with Guanine (C-G).

17. D eoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nucleotide bases make up a DNA nucleotide. The two strand are anti-parallel. These means that two strands are side-by-side but run in opposite directions.

18. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ADENINE THYMINE GUANINE CYTOSINE DESCRIPTION Adenine is a purine nucleobase. It is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acids of DNA Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase The guanine nucleoside is called guanosine.  It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached. The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine. ABBREVIATION A T G C PAIRS T A C G

19. Check point 2. What are the three major parts of DNA molecule? 1. How are DNA, genes, and chromosomes related? DNA is the fundamental genetic material that contains the instructions for an organism's traits. Genes are specific segments of DNA that carry these instructions. Chromosomes are structures that house and organize DNA in the cell nucleus. Genes are located on chromosomes, and the arrangement of genes on chromosomes is what determines the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. Together, DNA, genes, and chromosomes play a crucial role in genetics and heredity. The three major components —sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate groups, and nucleotide bases —make up the DNA molecule, which is the fundamental unit of genetic information in living organisms.

20. Respect individual differences. No two individuals are alike. Everyone is unique in his or her own way.