Genocide PPT with photos. Child soldiers, Imperilaism,

PPT on Genocide

1. Do-Now Identify one cause and effect of independence movements in Africa, India, and SE Asia? Write your answer in a complete sentence.

2. Genocide

3. Learning Objective Students will be able to identify examples of genocide in Armenia, Darfur, Rwanda and the Balkans.

4. What is a genocide? Remember the Holocaust.

5. Armenian Genocide

6. Map of the Ottoman Empire

7. Armenians in the Ottoman Empire Armenians are an ethnic group of people from Central Asia. There were over 2 million Armenians living in the Empire in the late 1800’s. Because of the Constitution of 1908 declaring equal rights to all citizens of the empire, Armenians demanded more social reforms, and many wanted independence. Armenians, especially Christian Armenians, faced violence and discrimination from the Ottomans. Tens of thousands of Armenians would be killed by Ottoman soldiers throughout the 1800’s.

8. Causes of the Genocide Before WW1, a group of Ottoman nationalists known as the “Young Turks” seizes power of the Ottoman government. When the war began in 1914, they wanted to save the empire by extending its territory even further into Asia. They believed that Armenians were in their way. The Ottomans began deporting about 2 million Armenians. Ottoman soldiers would commonly kill Armenian men directly, while mainly women and children would be deported by long forced marches.

9. Aftermath The genocide ended when the Ottoman Empire collapsed at the end of the war. It has been estimated that between 600,000 to over 1 million Armenians died from either starvation from the forced marches or killed directly by Ottoman soldiers. The Allies demanded the “Young Turks” government to be put on trial for the crimes committed during the genocide, but no action was taken. To this day, the Turkish government denies that the deaths caused to the Armenians was a genocide.

10. Rwanda Genocide

11. Map of Rwanda

12. Rwanda Before Colonization Before European colonization, Rwanda was dominated by two native tribes called the Hutu and Tutsi. The Hutu people were a tribe of farmers while the Tutsi people were a tribe of herders. Both tribes shared so many cultural similarities and lived in peace.

13. Rwanda during European Colonization Relations between the two tribes would later change when Rwanda was colonized by the Belgians. Because of their lighter skin color, the Tutsi would be put into higher power positions by the Belgians. The Tutsi were allowed special privileges such as education and government power, while the Hutu were treated much more poorly due to their darker skin color. Despite some Africans having more privileges than others, all Africans were required to carry ID cards.

14. Causes of the Genocide Racial tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi would increase after gaining independence in 1962. By the early 1970’s, the Hutus would seize power of Rwanda when Hutu Major General Habyarimana became the leader of the nation. A civil war would erupt in 1990 between the Hutu regime and the RPF rebels. President Habyarimana would later sign an agreement with the rebels that would include them in the government. In 1994, the president was assassinated when his plane was shot down. Hutu extremists and Hutu controlled radio blamed the Tutsi for the assassination and advised other Hutus to start killing all Tutsis. Hutu extremist groups and military soldiers roamed the streets of Rwanda, killing any Tutsi they find, including other Hutu helping fleeing Tutsis.

15. Aftermath The genocide ended after 100 days when the RPF rebels defeated the Hutu government. Almost 1 million people, mostly Tutsis, were killed in the genocide. Millions more both Hutu and Tutsi became refugees from the civil war. Hutu prime minister Jean Kambanda was put on trial for the genocide and sentenced to life in prison along with others responsible.

16. Bosnia Genocide

17. Map of Bosnia

18. The Balkans during Yugoslavia Before its collapse in the 90s, the Balkans was part of the Communist nation of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia was divided 6 different socialist republics along with many different ethnic and religious groups. After the death of Josip Tito, the people of each republic would soon want independence. Croatia and Slovenia were the first to declare independence and soon Bosnia afterwards.

19. Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia Ethnic hatred would soon start to unravel in Bosnia. The majority of the Bosnian population are ethnic Muslims called Bosniaks , who were hated by Bosnian Serbs, and did not want to share power with them. The Bosnian Serbs, with the support of the Serbian military, would start a bloody civil war and launched a policy of ethnic cleansing to remove Muslim Bosniaks and Croatians out of Bosnia by either deportation or mass murder. Tens of thousands of ethnic civilians would be massacred by the Serbs, while thousands more would be forcefully deported.

20. Aftermath Over 30,000 people was killed in the genocide in Bosnia. Many Muslims areas of Bosnia were completely wiped out, as well as many homes and businesses once owned by ethnic Muslims. By the end of the war in 1995, the Bosnian Serbs would control about 80% of Bosnia.

21. Darfur Genocide

22. Map of Darfur

23. Darfur, Sudan Before Genocide Darfur is a region in the African nation of Sudan, home to millions of people and over a hundred different tribes. The tribes are divided by Arabs and Non-Arab groups. To this day, both sides are fighting against each other.

24. Causes of the Genocide Tensions between these tribes rose during the 70s over land and sources of water. Non-Arab tribes wanted land to farm, while Arab tribes wanted to use the land for herding. In the late 80’s, an Arab organization called the National Islamic Front would take control of the Sudanese Government. The new Arab government eliminated the local councils of Darfur, removing all chances of peace in the region between the groups.

25. Causes of the Genocide In 2003, Non-Arab African rebels would start a war with the Arab Sudanese government and capture the capital of Darfur. The rebels demanded that native Africans be included in economic decisions. The Arab government would start bombing African rebels and civilians in response. They would arm pro-Arab militias who would target not only enemy rebels, but also African civilians. Hundreds of thousands of Africans were murdered by the Arab militias.

26. Aftermath Between 100,000 to 300,000 African were killed during the genocide from 2003-2007. Over 2 million more Sudanese would become refugees and would be forced to stay in refugee camps until the war was over. Food became scare for refugees due to food aid having difficulty transporting food into the war zones.