Geo synchronous and Sun synchronous Satellites

Types of satellites and orbits

1. Geo-Stationary and Sun Synchronous Satellites Presented by: Tilok Chetri MSc GIS and RS

2. Introduction The path followed by a satellite is referred to as its orbit. An object in orbit is called a satellite. A satellite can be natural, like the moon or it can be human-made like, like the space station. The moon goes in orbit around Earth. Satellite orbits are matched to the capability and objective of the sensor(s) they carry. Orbit selection can vary in terms of altitude and their orientation and rotation relative to the Earth.

3. Various orbits are possible depending on the inclination of the orbital plane with the plane containing the earth’s equator. Orbits Schematics showing different types of orbits

4. Apogee : It is a point on the orbit where distance of the satellite from the Earth’s surface is maximum. Perigee : It is a point on the orbit where distance of the satellite from the Earth’s surface is smallest. Inclination : The angle between the plane of orbit of the satellite and plane of the equator of Earth is called inclination of the orbit. The following three parameters define the orbit of a satellite

5. Polar Sun Synchronous Geo Synchronous Types of Orbits

6. Types of Orbits Near Polar Orbits These orbits have an inclination near 90 degrees. This allows the satellite to see virtually every part of the Earth. It takes approximately 90 minutes for the satellite to complete one orbit. These satellites have many uses such as measuring ozone concentrations in the stratosphere or measuring temperatures in the atmosphere.

7. Sun Synchronous Orbits These orbits allows a satellite to pass over a section of the Earth at the same time of day. These satellites orbit at an altitude between 700 to 800 km. These orbits are used for satellites that need a constant amount of sunlight. Satellites that take pictures of the Earth would work best with bright sunlight. Types of Orbits

8. Diagram showing orbit of sun-synchronous satellite

9. Geo Synchronous Orbits It is also known as geostationary orbits, satellites in these orbits circle the Earth at the same rate as the Earth spins. These satellites are used to study large scale phenomenon such as hurricanes, or cyclones. These orbits are also used for communication satellites. The other disadvantage is that these satellites have trouble monitoring activities near the poles. Types of Orbits

10. A satellite is an object put into orbit around the earth or any other planet in order to relay communication signals or transmit scientific data. Satellites

11. Geo Synchronous Satellite It is parked in space 35,790 km above the equator of the stationary earth. At this altitude, one orbit takes approx. 24 hours to rotate. Uses: weather forecasting satellite television satellite radio etc .

12. Geostationary satellite

13. Sun Synchronous Satellite Those satellites that moves around the earth and always gets its power source from the sun. Located approx. 750 km above the surface of the earth Landsat, Quick bird etc. Uses: Military purposes Remote Sensing

14. Thank you. . .

15. Types of Orbits Different orbits serve different purposes. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are several types of orbits: Polar Sun Synchronous Geosynchronous Near Polar Orbits These orbits have an inclination near 90 degrees.. This allows the satellite to see virtually every part of the Earth as the Earth rotates underneath it. It takes approximately 90 minutes for the satellite to complete one orbit. These satellites have many uses such as measuring ozone concentrations in the stratosphere or measuring temperatures in the atmosphere. Sun Synchronous Orbits These orbits allows a satellite to pass over a section of the Earth at the same time of day. These satellites orbit at an altitude between 700 to 800 km. These orbits are used for satellites that need a constant amount of sunlight. Satellites that take pictures of the Earth would work best with bright sunlight, while satellites that measure long wave radiation would work best in complete darkness Geo Synchronous Orbits Also known as geostationary orbits, satellites in these orbits circle the Earth at the same rate as the Earth spins. The satellites are located near the equator so there is a constant force of gravity all directions. Geosynchronous orbits allow the satellite to observe almost a full hemisphere of the Earth. These satellites are used to study large scale phenomenon such as hurricanes, or cyclones. These orbits are also used for communication satellites. The disadvantage of this type of orbit is that since these satellites are very far away, they have poor resolution. The other disadvantage is that these satellites have trouble monitoring activities near the poles.

16. Introduction Moon revolves around the Earth, It is a natural satellite A satellite launched by man around any planet for our own purpose is called an artificial satellite or man-made satellite. Sputnik-I, Explorer-I, GSAT-I and GSAT-II are examples of artificial satellites. Satellites provide a great deal of the remote sensing imagery commonly used today The path followed by a satellite is referred to as its orbit. Satellite orbits are matched to the capability and objective of the sensor(s) they carry. Orbit selection can vary in terms of altitude (their height above the Earth's surface) and their orientation and rotation relative to the Earth.