Geographical patterns of socio-economic development.pptx

development

1. Geographical Patterns of Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Pune Administrative Division Ravindra Hande 1 and Arjun Musmade 2 1 Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Akurdi , Pune. Email: [email protected]. Mob.[phone] Professor, Tikaram Jagannath Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khadki , Pune. Email: [email protected]. Mob. [phone]

2. Development is a multi-dimensional process that involves reorganization and reorientation of the entire economic and social system. It requires a balanced human resource development in the country. Developmental programmes have been taken up in the country in a planned way with the main objective of enhancing the quality of life of people by providing the basic necessities as well as improving their social and economic wellbeing. Although resource transfers are being executed in the backward regions through a number of instruments like subsidies and Central assistance, it has been observed that the regional disparity in terms of economic development is not declining over time. Regional disparities arise due to faster growth of some regions, while other remains behind the former regions and lagging in terms of growth of industries, employment, and other economic activities offering high rate of return. Introduction

3. Socio-economic development is a process of betterment for a large human group and includes both economic development and social transformation. The socio-economic facilities play an important role in the process of development of a region. This improves the social condition of the people of the region. This study is of prime importance for developing countries as every section of the society and economy is influenced by it. It helps in the development of agriculture as it enhances the use of new technology. It helps in the expansion of facilities like education, health, means of communication, electricity and also in capital generation. Knowledge of the level of development at different regional level will help in identifying where a given region stands in relation to others. The study throws light on the relationships of socio-economic development with the developments in agriculture, industry, infrastructural facilities and the literacy status of 58 tehsils in Five districts of the study area.

4. Study Area The study area lies between 15° 45’ N to 19° 24’ N latitudes and 73° 19’ E to 76° 15’ E longitudes and comprises 57,235 sq. km. area. There are five districts in Pune Administrative Division, namely, Pune, Satara, Solapur, Sangali and Kolhapur district comprising total 58 tehsils. The study area is surrounded by Karnataka State in the south, Konkan division in the west, Nashik division in the north and the north eastern boundary is surrounded by Aurangabad division. The total population of the region was 19,973,761 in 2001 which have been increased to 2,34,49,049 as per 2011 census. Though the study area selected for the present research is in general, homogeneous in many geographical aspects, there are many underlying diversities as far as population and other socio-economic aspects are considered. Growth and distribution of many such aspects shows uneven distribution causing disparity across the districts which has motivated the researcher to study the regional scenario of disparity among various socio-economic and demographic aspects.

5. The main aim of the present study is to investigates the regional level of disparity and its causes at Tehsil level . The following objectives are considered to fulfill the aim of the study: To study the spatial variation in the level of socio-economic development. To identify the backward tehsils in terms of social, economic and demographic aspects. Aim & Objectives

6. The study is based on secondary data collected from various sources and particularly from District Statistical Handbook & District Census Handbooks for the year 2011 . Kendall’s ranking co-efficient method has been used to analyze the spatial variation in socio-economic development . The regional disparities are due to the variations in the nature of social, economic and demographic factors. To minimize disparities in development their identification is very essential. Keeping in view the existing socio-economic matrix of the region, 28 indicators are selected and grouped into three categories i.e. social, economic and demographic. These indicators are: Database and Methodology Social Indicators SC Total Pop – X20 ST Total Pop – X21 Male Literacy (%) – X22 Female Literacy (%) – X23 Total Literacy (%) – X24 Sex Ratio – X25 No. of Hospitals – X26 No. of PHCs – X27 No. of Beds – X28 Economic Indicators Main Workers (%) – X7 Marginal Workers (%) – X8 Total Workers (%) – X9 Non Workers (%) – X10 No . of Co-Opp. Societies – X11 No. of Agri Co-Opp. Societies – X12 No. of Banks –X13 Income Total (in Thousand ) –X14 Expenses_Public Security (in Thousand ) – X15 Expenses_Health (in Thousand ) – X16 Expenses_Public Infra . – X17 Expenses_Education – X18 Expenses Total – X19 Demographic Indicators Urbanisation (%) – X1 Population Density – X2 Population Growth (%) – X3 Birth Rate (%) – X4 Death Rate (%)- X5 Total Population – X6

7. By utilizing these data and a sets of indicators, an attempt has been made to examine the socio-economic development of Pune division at tehsil level. Kendall’s ranking co-efficient method has been used to analyze the spatial variation in socio-economic development. For analyzing the development of socio-economic amenities in Pune division, tehsil wise differentiation has been carried out. For this, different type of indicators has been used. These indicators have been ranked according to their total number. Blocks with maximum number of socio-economic amenities have been assigned rank 1 and accordingly the other blocks have been ranked 2, 3, 4 and so on. Accordingly, average of every sectors indicator has been calculated and the district securing maximum average score will fall under low developed category whereas, lowest average score fall under high developed category. The complete indices of all the selected indicators of social, economic and demographic dimension present overall scenario of inter tehsil disparity in the level of development . The categories such as Very low, Low, Moderate, High, Very high categories are based on the mean and the standard deviation of each sets of indicators. Kendall’s Rank Order Score Method

8. Ranking of Demographic – Economic – Social Indicators Demographic Indicators Economic Indicators Social Indicators

9. Disparities in the Level of Social Development Social disparities have many causes ranging from historical to present status in health, education and other such amenities. Based on the combined rank score of 09 indicators, the level of social development has been calculated. The pattern of spatial distribution shows inter-district disparities in social development of Pune division . It can be observed that, the Satara City falls under very high developed category with its rank score 85.41. The tehsils like Haveli (106), Karveer (107), Pune City (115), Karad (123), Hatkanangale (134), Miraj (138), Shirol (159), Junnar (162) and Baramati (170) tehsils are high developed in terms of social indicators . Total 38 tehsils are falls under moderately developed category (342-427) according to the social indicators. 09 tehsils are falling under low developed category having a rank score between 342-427 while, Bavada from the Kolhapur district is the only tehsil having very low development in terms of social indicators.

10. The issue of economic inequality is related to the ideas of equality, equality of outcome and equality of opportunities. The ranking of the tehsils are calculated based on 12 economic indicators. As per the observation, No tehsil in the entire study area falls under the very high developed category in terms of selected economic indicators. Of the total, there are 9 tehsil which are highly developed which includes Pune City from Pune district, Karad and Phaltan tehsils from Satara district, Malshiras from Solapur district, Hatkanagle , Panhala , Karveer , Kagal and Radhanagari tehsils from Kolhapur district. There are 40 tehsils which falls under moderately developed category. Surprisingly, Five tehsils from Pune district falls under low developed category while, No tehsil from Solapur and Sangli comes under this category. Kadegaon from the Sangli district with its rank score of 595 is the only tehsil which falls under very low developed category. Disparities in the Level of Economic Development

11. Disparities in the Level of Human Resource Development The human resource development is also an important criterion in order to gauge the level of development. The demographic composition of any region has a close bearing to the level of development. The level of human resource development is based on a combined rank score of 6 indicators. Similar to social indicators ranking , Satara City ( 59) falls under high developed category in terms of human resource development / demographic development but Pune City ranks First as per its score i.e. 48. There are total 09 tehsils which falls under high developed categories including 03 tehsils from Pune district, 02 tehsils from Satara district One each from Sangli and Solapur districts and Two tehsils from Kolhapur district. In terms of human resource development there are total 38 tehsils which falls under moderately developed categories. In the low developed category, there are total 08 tehsils and the maximum number of tehsils are from Kolhapur district while, Two tehsils each are from Pune and Sangli district. No tehsil from Satara and Solapur districts falls under this category. Velhe is the only tehsil which shows very low development in terms of human resource with its rank score of 309 among all the tehsils of the study area.

12. Composite Level of Disparities in Socio-Economic-Demographic Development The composit e index of total 28 indicators is calculated to show the level of development in the study area at tehsil level. Among the total 58 tehsils, Three tehsils including Karveer (Rank score 126) shows very high development followed by Pune City (Rank score (135) and Karad (135.66). There are total Seven tehsils including Satara City ( 152), Hatkanagle (164), Malshiras (178), Shirol (198), Phaltan (205), Haveli (205 ) and Walwa (208) which falls under high developed category. About 41 tehsils have been observed under moderately developed categories. Total 5 tehsils falls under low developed category each one from the four districts except Kolhapur district. Bavada (428) from Kolhapur district and Velhe (405) from Pune district are the only tehsils which shows vely low development in terms of composite score of social, economic and demographic sets of indicators.

13. In the Pune Administrative Division, our analysis shows notable disparities in social, economic, and demographic development across tehsils. Certain tehsils, like Satara City and Pune City, have shown positive progress, particularly in social indicators. However, Bavada in Kolhapur and Velhe in Pune are the areas having significant developmental challenges, especially in social and economic indicators. Economic development have shown these disparities, with Pune City, Karad , and Malshiras demonstrating high development, while some tehsils in Pune district reveal noticeable economic disparities, categorized as low developed. A similar pattern is observed in human resource development, with Satara City and Pune City leading in high development, while Velhe faces prominent challenges, marked by very low development. The combination of social, economic, and demographic indicators in the composite index highlightes the disparity at tehsil level. Karveer , Pune City, and Karad appeared as ideals of very high development, while Bavada and Velhe represents tehsils challenging significant developmental deficits across comprehensive dimensions. In summary, this study tried to provide recommendation for targeted policy interventions to address specific challenges in tehsils such as Bavada and Velhe , aiming to improve a more balanced, equitable, and sustainable developmental landscape throughout the Pune Administrative Division. Conclusion

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