Geography M2 Drawing cross section

Drawing cross section

1. Geography  Module #2  Unit #2  Lesson #10
DESCRIBING
LANDSCAPE ON
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

BEGIN

2. Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction!
"! ! #!
Slopes on
Topographical Maps $ % &
"! ! #!
Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Objectives
As a result of this lesson, you will be able to
1.Define contour lines, relief, cross section
2.Calculate contour interval
3.Distinguish between landforms with similar
contour patterns
4.Describe landforms through the reading of
contours
5.Describe entire landscape through reading
of contours
6.Draw cross sections
7.Recognize the importance of interpreting
relief on topographic maps
2

3. Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction!
"! ! #!
Slopes on
Topographical Maps $ % &
"! ! #!
Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Introduction
Contour lines are used on
topographical maps to show how the
height and shape of land changes.
They are also used to draw cross
sections which give a side view of
landforms. This presentation
demonstrates how cross sections are
drawn.
Contour patterns are also used to
identify different landforms. This
presentation will show you various
contour patterns and the features
they represent.
3

4. Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction!
"! ! #!
Slopes on
Topographical Maps $ % &
"! ! #!
Landforms on
Topographical Maps
What are contour lines?
Contour lines are
lines drawn on
topographic maps
joining places of
equal height above
sea level.
On topographical
maps contour lines
are the brown lines
with the values
written in the gaps
within the line.
Click on the map for
a larger version.
Contour lines
4

5. Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction!
"! ! #!
Slopes on
Topographical Maps $ % &
"! ! #!
Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Here are contour lines.
Contour lines are
lines drawn on
topographic maps
joining places of
equal height above
sea level.
5

6. Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction!
"! ! #!
Slopes on
Topographical Maps $ % &
"! ! #!
Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Contour Lines
On topographical
maps contour lines
are the brown lines
with the values
written in the gaps
within the line.
6

7. Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction!
"! ! #!
Slopes on
Topographical Maps $ % &
"! ! #!
Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Contour interval or vertical interval
Contour interval is
the difference in
height between one
contour line and the
next.
The vertical interval
for this map is 100
metres.
7

8.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Cross Sections
Contour lines are
used to draw cross
sections.
A cross section is a
side view of an area
or feature.
Cross sections help
us to visualize an
area.
8

9.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Drawing Cross Sections
9
Before you begin to draw a cross section
imagine yourself walking or driving across
the area.
You can do this by reading the contours.
Watch the animation below.

10.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Drawing Cross Sections
1.Identify the two
points between
which you want to
draw the cross
section.
2.Draw a line to
connect the two
points.
10
X
Y

11.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Drawing Cross Sections
3.Lay edge of plain
sheet of paper
along the line and
mark starting point
and end point.
4.Mark and attach
value to each
contour line that
touches the edge of
the paper
11

12.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Drawing Cross Sections
5.Plot points on a graph
paper.
6.Distance on horizontal axis
and height on vertical axis.
7.Join the dots to see the
shape of the land
12

13.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Drawing Cross Sections
8.Enclose the cross section.
9.Shade the area.
10.Label the cross section.
11.Give it a title.
12.Include the horizontal scale and vertical
scale.
13

14.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Slopes on a Topographical Map
A steep slope or a
scarp slope is
shown by
contours that are
close together.
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Steep slope

15.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Slopes on a Topographical Map
15
A gentle slope or a dip slope is shown
by contours that are far apart.
Gentle slope

16.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Landforms on Topographic Map
Conical Hill
16
Conical Hill - Contour
Pattern
Conical Hill
Conical hills are so called because they are
shaped like cones and taper to a point.
The space within the innermost contour is
small.

17.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Round -topped Hill
17
A round –topped hill is represented by
concentric contour lines with increasing values
toward the centre.
The outer contours are not always circular. The
space within the innermost contour is
comparatively large. !
$
Round-topped Hill
Contour Pattern !
Round-topped Hill

18.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Flat -topped Hill
18&$#
%
Flat-topped Hill
Contour Pattern&$#
Flat-topped Hill
The innermost (highest) contour line encloses
a wide space. The contours are not usually
circular.

19.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Plateau
A plateau is a large highland area with an
almost flat top.
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20.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Ridge
A ridge is a long narrow strip of highland.
Contours are elongated, almost parallel.
20

21.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Valley
21
A valley is a lowland between two highlands.
Contour lines point to higher land.

22.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Gorge
22
A ravine is a very
narrow steep-sided
valley.
The contours are
very close together.
A very deep ravine is
called a gorge.

23.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Matching Exercise - 1
23
Click on the contour pattern that matches the picture on
the left. The correct answer will be highlighted in green
and chime heard.

24.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Matching Exercise - 2
24
Click on the contour pattern that matches the picture on
the left. The correct answer will be highlighted in green
and a chime heard.

25.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
Feedback - Matching Exercise
25

26.  Objectives

What are contour
lines?
Contour Interval
Cross Sections

Drawing Cross
Sections
Quiz
Introduction

Slopes on
Topographical Maps ! "

Landforms on
Topographical Maps
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