geopolymer

mix proportion of geyo polymer

1. SI.No. Roll No. Student Name 1 208W1A01B6 B.SRIYA 2 208W1A01D4 K.MAHESH BABU 3 208W1A01C4 G.DEVESH 4 208W1A01C1 D.JAIWANTH Name of the Project: Study on effects of different curing regimes for geopolymer concrete compositions Name of Guide: B. Sriram Section : C Batch No: 2 V R SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING: VIJAYAWADA-7 Mini Project – 1 (20CE6554)

2. CONTENTS Abstract Aim & Objectives Introduction Literature review Summary of literature survey Methodology work progress References

3. ABSTRACT Increasing population worldwide has led to the need for the construction of buildings to accommodate our needs. Concrete is the most widely used construction material which uses cement as a main ingredient. Production of cement is an energy extensive process which involves high emission of CO2 content, this led to the need of search of alternative material for cement to control these emissions for sustainability. Geopolymer concrete is one such alternative, where waste material like fly ash, GGBS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) etc. are used in place of cement to make concrete. For these waste materials to act and create a binding nature like cement, there is a need for activation of these materials using some solutions like NaOH, KOH, NaSiO3 etc. however, for this binding activity to occur at optimum level curing level of 60ºC for 24 hours is required. As it is difficult to achieve this at field level there is a need for research in this area for making it usable at field level. This study involves comparison of different curing regimes like ambient temperature curing, external exposure curing and different temperature curing and their effects on the mechanical properties on geopolymer concrete composites.

4. Aim & Objectives AIM To Study on effects of different curing regimes for geopolymer Concrete composites. OBJECTIVES 1) To study the mechanical behavior of control specimen with geopolymer concrete composite at 60ºC for 24 hours oven curing. 2) To study the mechanical behavior of geopolymer concrete composite with different curing regimes. 3) To compare the mechanical properties of specimen of different curing regimes with control specimen.

5. INTRODUCTION Concrete is the most widely used construction material which uses cement as a main ingredient. Production of cement is an energy extensive process which involves high emission of CO2 content, this led to the need of search of alternative material for cement to control these emissions for sustainability. Initial research on geopolymers carried out by Davidovits was on the linear organic polymer, which is a branch of organic chemistry. Later, this topic was extended beyond this scope and research conducted in the early 1970s was focused on developing nonflammable inorganic polymer materials suitable for fire resistance. The work was ended to develop an amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional silico-aluminate composite called geopolymer.

6. Geopolymer concrete is one such alternative, where waste material like fly ash, GGBS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) etc. are used in place of cement to make concrete. For the activation of these materials some solutions like NaOH , KOH, NaSiO3 etc. are used. For proper binding action to occur at optimum level the casted specimen should be placed in oven at 60℃ for 24 hours. This study involves comparison of different curing regimes like ambient temperature curing, external exposure curing and different temperature curing. To also study their effects on the mechanical properties on geopolymer concrete composites. For the selection of suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete to achieve desire strength at required workability, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio.

7. F or the selection of suitable ingredients of geopolymer concrete to achieve desire strength at required workability, an experimental investigation has been carried out for the gradation of geopolymer concrete and a mix design procedure is proposed on the basis of quantity and fineness of fly ash, quantity of water, grading of fine aggregate, fine to total aggregate ratio G eopolymer is a new development in the world of concrete in which cement is totally replaced by pozzolanic materials like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and activated by highly alkaline solutions to act as a binder in the concrete mix.

8. LITERATURE REVIEW SI. No Authors Findings 1 M. I. Abdul Aleem studied that User-friendly geopolymer concrete can be used under conditions similar to those suitable for ordinary portland cement concrete. These constituents of Geopolymer Concrete shall be capable of being mixed with a relatively low-alkali activating solution and must be curable in a reasonable time under ambient conditions. The production of versatile, cost-effective geopolymer concrete can be mixed and hardened essentially like portland cement. Due to the high early strength Geopolymer Concrete shall be effectively used in the precast industries. The Geopolymer Concrete shall be effectively used for the beam column junction of a reinforced concrete structure. 2 S. Kumaravel Studied that The compressive strength of hot cured concrete is much higher than that of ambient cured concrete. In ambient curing, the compressive strength increases as the age of concrete increases from 3 days to 12 days. The average density of fly ash based geopolymer concrete is similar to that of OPC concrete. The geopolymer concrete possesses good compressive strength and well-suited to manufacture precast concrete products. 3 Muhd Fadhil Nurruddin Studied that Several methods of curing has been attempted by various researchers which include oven heating, membrane curing, steam curing, hot gunny curing, hydrothermal curing, room temperature and water curing respectively. Among these attempted methods, oven curing proofed to be the most efficient method of curing of geopolymer concrete. The requirement for elevated temperature curing of the geopolymer concrete makes it a challenge that limits its application to only precast applications.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW SI. No Authors Findings 4 Srinivasa Reddy Studied that Various molarities of NaOH are considered for study are 8M,10M,12M,14M,16M and 18M. Sodium silicate solution has nearly 50-57% of water. The major reaction product for the low-calcium fly ash system is sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel. 5 K.NagendraReddy Studied that The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 2.5:1 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is taken as 10M.By using GGBS compressive strength increases from 50% and above.90% of strength achieved in 7 days only. 6 Andi Arham Adam Studied that linear increase in strength of the 4 and 6 hours cured specimens compared to the 20hours cured specimens which was constant at 7 days age. Moreover the 4 and 6 hours cured specimens behaved similarly with air cured specimens. The temperature and duration of heat curing plays a major role for the strength development of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. The optimum heat curing regime in this study is 120 º for 20 hours.

10. Summary of literature survey Geopolymer concrete is an innovative method and is produced by complete elimination of ordinary Portland cement by produced in fly ash. The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 2.5:1 or 2:1 as per requirement. The temperature and duration of heat curing plays a major role for the strength development of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. At the age of 3days, the specimens were exposed to different temperatures in a High temperature furnace of capacity up to 1400℃, at a rate of 5℃/min. All the specimens were kept for heat curing at 60℃ for 24hrs in a hot air oven after 24hrs of casting. With the increase in concentration of NaOH , the initial strength has increased. The geopolymer concrete possesses good compressive strength and well-suited to manufacture precast concrete products. The optimum heat curing regime in this study is 120º for 20 hours. Among these oven heating, membrane curing, steam curing, hot gunny curing, hydrothermal curing, room temperature and water curing, oven curing proofed to be the most efficient method of curing of geopolymer concrete.

11. MATERIALS USED: NaOH PELLETS NaOH&NaSiO3 SOLUTION FLYASH GGBS

12. Properties of materials Density of Fine aggregate : Density of course aggregate : Density of GGBS : Density of Fly Ash :

13. METHODOLOGY

14. work progress Specific Gravity Test for GGBS Specific gravity Test for Coarse Aggregate

15. Adding mixture of Sodium silicate, NaoH pellets and Water Grinding Course aggregate, Fine aggregate, fly ash,GGBS in concrete mixer Applying grease to the moulds

16. Compaction of Cubes Casting of Regimes

17. casted moulds of geopolymer concrete( Fig 1) and OPC concrete (Fig 2). Fig 1 Fig 2

18. References Davidovits J. 30 Years of Successes and Failures in Geopolymer Applications. Market Trends and Potential Breakthroughs; Proceedings of the Geopolymer 2002 Conference; Melbourne, Australia. Nguyen T.T., Goodier C.I., Austin S.A. Factors affecting the slump and strength development of geopolymer concrete. Lyon R.E., Balaguru P.N., Foden A., Sorathia U., Davidovits J, Davidovics M. Fire-resistant aluminosilicate composites. Nikoloutsopoulos N., Sotiropoulou A., Kakali G., Tsivilis S. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete. Buildings. Effect of molarity of sodium hydroxide and molar ratio of alkaline activator solution on the strength development of geopolymer concrete Srinivasa Reddy, Karnati Vamsi Krishna M V Seshagiri Rao, and S Shrihari Professor of Civil Engineering, GRIET, Hyderabad, India. 2M. Tech (Structural Engineering), Department of Civil Engineering, GRIET, Hyderabad, India. Wahid F., Manalo A, Khennane A, Kayali O. Geopolymer concrete-filled pultruded composite beams–concrete mix design and application.

19. References Ibrahim G. Shaaban ,Sani Haruna Methods of curing geopolymer concrete, Article in International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES · January 2018. Andi Arham Adam, The effect of temperature and duration of curing on the strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar, Horianto Department of Civil Engineering, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia. S. Kumaravel ,Development of various curing effect of nominal strength Geopolymer concrete Dept. of Structural Engg ., Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, India

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