Georgia - a small country of admiration.pptx

for eTwinning project

1. Georgia

2. Kartli is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari , on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. The Georgians living in the historical lands of Kartli are known as Kartleli and comprise one of the largest geographic subgroups of the Georgian people. Kartli Dzama Gorge

3. History Climate In Kartli, during the months of June and September you can expect comfortable weather, with average temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C. he coldest month is January with an average maximum temperature of 2°C. However, the specific temperature can vary depending on the exact location within the region. Kvemo Kartli’s history, like much of Georgia’s, dates back millenia. More specifically, about 2 million years ago. More specifically, about 2 million years ago. Throughout much of Georgia’s history, Kvemo Kartli served as the location for many major battles over Tbilisi, such as the Battle of Didgori, between the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuks, the Battle of Krtsanisi, Battle of Kojori.

4. S ights Uplistsikhe is identified by archaeologists as one of the oldest urban settlements in Georgia. Strategically located in the heartland of ancient kingdom of Kartli.Built on a high rocky left bank of the Mtkvari River. Uplistsikhe Mtskheta Mtskheta is a city in the region of Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia. It is one of the oldest cities in Georgia.the "Historical Monuments of Mtskheta" became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994.Mtskheta was declared as the "Holy City" by the Georgian Orthodox Church in 2014.

5. Tsalka (Dashbash) Canyon Dashbashi canyon and the diamond bridge is located in Tsalka, East part of Georgia . The first stop is a viewpoint to the river Vere valley. After a 5 mins break we continue driving to Tsalka (Dashbashi) canyon. Dmanisi (Yakublo) reservoir is located in Kvemo Kartli, near the city of Dmanisi, near the village of Yakublo. Dmanisi (Yakublo)

6. Lipi Lake Lipi Lake is located in the village of Lipi, Tetritskaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli Region. The lake has a very beautiful area. It is surrounded by fields and low forests. Lipi Lake attracts fishing lovers too. If you want to relax in nature with friends, Lipi is one of the most attractive places for it. Queen Tamar’s Bridge in Rkoni "Tamari Bridge" is located in Shida Kartli region, Kaspi municipality. In the XII-XIII centuries, Shida Kartli passed through important trade and military-strategic roads connecting Shida Kartli with Javakheti, Trialeti and the Middle East.

7. Kartli’s cuisine 1. gholos shechamadi 2. Shindi's shechamadi 3. bread's kharcho 4.Chikhirtma

8. Imereti Imereti ( Georgian : იმერეთი) is a Region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River . Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municipalities and the city of Kutaisi , which is the capital of the region.

9. Sataplia Preserve Discovery: In 1933, on the Sataplia Mountain situated 7 km north-west of the city of Kutaisi (Imereti), teacher and natural scientist Petre Chabukiani found traces of various representatives of extinct reptiles – dinosaurs Research: In 1949, paleontologist Leo Gabunia studied the footprints. He studied 163 footprints left in two layers of the limestones of the Lower Cretaceous (Urgonian facies) period.

10. Gelati Monastery Founded in 1106 in the west of Georgia, the Monastery of Gelati is a masterpiece of the Golden Age of medieval Georgia, a period of political strength and economic growth between the 11th and 13th centuries. The Gelati monastery, one of the largest medieval Orthodox monasteries, was also a centre of science and education and one of the most important centres of culture in ancient Georgia. Bagrati Cathedral B agrati Cathedral is an 11th-century cathedral in the city of Kutaisi , in the Imereti region of Georgia . Bagrati Cathedral was built in the early years of the 11th century, during the reign of King Bagrat III , due to which it was called "Bagrati". Bagrati and Gelati are in the list of UNESCO Heritage. Motsameta Monastery Motsameta monastery is a complex of monasteries at the Imereti region , approximately 6 km northeast of the center of Kutaisi , Georgia . Its name, whose meaning is the "Place of the Martyrs", is related to the brothers of a noble family of Argveti , David and Constantine, who organized a rebellion against the occupying Arabs in the 8th century.

11. Mghvimevi Monastery The Mghvimevi monastery is a Georgian Orthodox monastery in the western Georgian region of Imereti , near the town of Chiatura , partly carved into rock. Its main feature is a 13th-century two- nave basilica , dedicated to the Nativity of the Mother of God Katskhi Pillar Th e Katskhi pillar is a natural limestone monolith located at the village of Katskhi in westernThe rock, with visible church ruins on a top surface measuring c. 150 m 2 , has been venerated by locals as the Pillar of Life and a symbol of the True Cross .

12. Imeretian cuisine I meretian cuisine is considered to be one of the best in the country. Kutaisi belonged to one of the cities which laid on the historical Silk Route. As a result the region developed its own culinary tradition. Most of the dishes are similar to the ones from other parts of Georgia, however, because of the way they are prepared and the spices added to the meals, their flavour is unique and unforgettable. Khachapuri This delicious Khachapuri of an unusual shape is very popular in Imereti region. It is simply skewered Sulguni cheese with wrapped dough around it. Satsivi Imagine something like chicken paprikash where the cook put grounded nuts instead of the pepper. The word “Satsivi” means something like “a cold dish”, but in the broader meaning, it means all dishes based on the nut sauce. Mchadi It is baked bread prepared with corn maize flour . Lobio “Lobio” in Georgian means beans. It is a very popular dish and there are many varieties of it. The bean is either cooked or stewed and it is prepared with coriander, walnuts, garlic and onion.

13. Abkhazia Abkhazia is in the north-west of Georgia on the east coast of the black sea. Its territory is between Enguri and Psou rivers. Abkhazia is mainly a mountainous region. About 74% is occupied by mountains and hills, and the rest by plains.

14. Ritsi lake The lake is located in the Gudauta municipality in the basin of the Bzif river at 884 meters above sea level, the big blue lake surrounded by mountains covered with mixed forest makes a great impression on the visitors. Ritsi lake and its surrounding are beautiful in all seasons of the year. Of the fish only squid live in the lake, the water level reaches its maximum in May, and the lowest in February. Its depth is 101 meters. It is the deepest lake in Transcaucasia. It is located in the city of Sukhumi. Currently, the territory of Abkhazia is occupied by Russia. The botanical garden was created in 1840 and is one of the oldest in the Caucasus. Today, the botanical garden has five departments: flora, introduction, floriculture, dendrology and plant protection. More than 4,500 species of plants from different countries of the world are gathered here. Sukhumi Botanical Garden attracts many people with a variety of unique plants, ponds, walking paths and recreation areas, it is one of the popular sights of the city. Sukhumi Botanical Garden

15. St. Ilori George's Church is located in Ilori village of Ochamchiri municipality in Abkhazia. It dates back to the XI century.In the 17th century, the temple was repaired by Levan II Dadian. In 1730, it was burnt down by the Turks invading the Odisha principality, the painting of the temple was destroyed during the fire. The church was soon restored by the princes of Odisha.Today, the territory of Abkhazia is occupied by Russia, which is why it is not possible to study it and carry out proper works. It became known that the Abkhaz separatists and the Russian occupiers erected a Russian dome on the church, and in order to erase the Georgian traces, they completely plastered the eastern facade, where the Georgian inscriptions were cut out, painted the outer facade completely, and partially painted t he walls white.inner St. Ilori George's Church

16. About Abrskill Cave Abrskili Cave is located in Ochamchiri Municipality, Abkhazia, in the basin of the Mokvi River, in the southern foothills of the Kodori Range, 260 meters above sea level. It is a 2 km long underground valley with several spacious halls. Abrskil cave is distinguished by its beauty and makes a great impression. Here you can find a variety of rock formations, stalagmites, columns, curtains and others. Pardeban, Meander and Abrskil Halls are especially noteworthy. The total length of the main tunnel and its branches is up to 3 km. During the exploration of the cave, 360 meters from the entrance, the bones of a cave bear were found, which became extinct about 15,000 years ago.

17. Abkhaz cuisine Abista is Abkhaz bread, it is made from yellow corn flour and a little salt is added. As a rule, Abista is considered as a partner of all Abkhazian dishes. Akutagchaba - Akutagji is an egg in Abkhazian. We carefully cut the boiled egg lengthwise, remove the egg yolk and mix it with nutty Abkhazian ajik, pomegranate juice or boiled vinegar. We fill the egg white with the resulting mixture and combine both parts, apply adjika on the outside. This dish is often served on Nabakhusev with tkemali or fruit vodka. Abkhazian adjika -there was a time when a guest from Abkhazia did not go without this aromatic and delicious spice. The main characteristic of Abkhazian ajik is smoked hot red pepper and dried spices grown on the land of Abkhazia.

18. Occupation of Abkhazia In August 2008, Russet attacked the Georgian war, which began with intense artillery bombardment of Georgian villages by Ossetian separatists backed by the Russian military, in violation of the 1992 Sochi Accords By August 7, part of the military forces of the Russian Federation breached the sovereign border of Georgia and invaded Georgia to stop attacks on Georgian villages. The Russian Federation made false and propaganda accusations of "genocide" and "aggression against South Ossetia" to the Georgian side, and launched a full-scale attack on Georgia using air, ground and naval forces. After five days of heavy fighting, Georgian troops had to retreat from the Tskhinvali region. At the same time, Russian and Abkhaz forces attacked Kodori valley. The Russian fleet blockaded a large part of Georgia's maritime waters, and the Russian air force bombed various objects in the conflict zone and beyond. Along with military operations, the August War was the first war in human history where cyber military operations were used alongside conventional military operations against one side. The cities of Poti, Zugdidi, Senak and Gori, among other areas, were temporarily occupied by Russia. On August 12, at the request of the President of the European Union, France, the parties to the conflict reached a cease-fire agreement, which was signed by Georgia in Tbilisi on August 15, and Russia in Moscow on August 16. On August 12, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev already ordered a ceasefire, but the fighting did not stop immediately. After signing the agreement, Russia withdrew most of its troops from Samegrelo and Shida Kartli regions, but created buffer zones along the occupation line of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and left observation points in Poti, Senak and Perev. On August 26, 2008, Russia declared the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Russia completed its withdrawal from the remaining territories of Georgia on October 8, however, as of 2023, the Russian Federation continues to occupy Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region, including - in violation of the Sarkozy-Medvedev agreement - territories controlled by Georgia before the war. and murders.

19. Samegrelo is a historical - geographical side of western Georgia that covers the territories between the rivers Rioni, Tskhenistskali, Enguri and the Black Sea. Its central city is Zugdidi . The Samegrelo region had a great strategic importance throughout its history, because of this, it became the object of numerous invasions by armies of the Romans, Byzantines, Mongols, Turks, Persians, Russians and others. This region is rich in cultural monuments of different eras and impressive nature, blue lakes and very beautiful canyon s. Mingrelia-historic province in the western part of Georgia.

20. About Dadiani Palace Dadiani Palace was the residency of Dadiani, princes of Samegrelo . It was built in17th century by the prince of Odishi, Levan Dadiani. It is located in the center of Zugdidi .Nowadays, Dadiani Palace is a historical and architectural state museum. It is part of the palace complex of Samegrelo , which also includes a palace for Ekaterine Chavchavadze-Dadiani, a residence of her son Niko Dadiani, a church, and an adjacent botanical garden.The Queen's Palace was reconstructed in the1860s by german architect Jacob Rice. Before that, It was a palace of Pupi, the sister of the Megrelian prince. Rice built arches on the second floor and added wide wings to it. Niko Dadiani's Palace was built in the 1880s by the Russian architect Leonid Vasiliev. It is a two-storey residence with a stone balcony and the biggest ballroom in Georgia. The museum was founded in April 1921 on the basis of the cultural heritage of Megrelian prince David's son Levan Dadiani, taken from the treasury and the churches and monasteries of Samegrelo.

21. Martvili Canyon is a canyon in Martvili Municipality, Georgia. It is located near the village of Gachedil, in the valley of the Abashi river, on the edge of the Martvili-Chkhorotsku central highway, at an altitude of 210 m above sea level. It is a canyon cut valley in the anticline built by Abdat limestone rocks by Abashi river. The length of the canyon is 2400 m, the depth of the cut is 20-30 m, and the width is 5-10 m. Natural limestone bridges have been preserved in two places in the canyon, indicating that a karst cave once collapsed here. In addition, small waterfalls with a height of 12-15 m appear in the middle of the canyon. One section stands out for its special beauty. This is Offutskhole, which is known as "Bath of Dadians". To get here, the path follows a staircase made of large blocks of limestone. On the surrounding calcareous rocks, the flora characteristic of the Kolkhur forest is developed, with its unique representatives, such as Datsitkhila, Kolkhur bza, Utzhari and others. There are many different types of mosses, ferns. Martville Canyon

22. Megrelian cuisine khachapuri elarji Sacivi Cheese dumplings kuchmachi

23. S v a n e t i Svaneti is a historic province in the northwestern part of Georgia. Running along the Greater Caucasus range, Svaneti is one of the most mountainous regions of Georgia. It is largely inhabited by the Svans, an ethnic subgroup of Georgians.

24. The upper Svaneti region of the Caucasus is an exceptional example of mountain scenery with medieval-type villages and tower-houses. The village of Chazhashi still has more than 200 of these very unusual houses, which were used both as dwellings and as defence posts against the invaders who plagued the region.

25. S v a n h a t One of the authenticity of a Svan man is the Svan hat. The Svan hat cannot be considered as a simple headdress, it means the manly nature of the Svan man, conscience, loyalty and fortitude, which is confirmed by many phraseology.

26. S V A N C U I S I N E Kubdari Kubdari is mainly made from beef (mixed meat can also be used). The meat is finely chopped, and seasoned with onion, garlic, dill, coriander, Utskho Suneli, Cumin Powder, of course, pepper, and salt. When I mention salt I mean Swan salt. Svaneti is the only region that has its seasoned salt, which adds a special taste to any dish or flour product. We can talk about that below, and before that, I nearly went off-topic... I said that the filling made for Kubdari is put in a well-kneaded dough and baked on both sides.

27. Chvishtari The second well-known and must-try dish is Chvishtari. Together with Kubdari, it is one of the pride of Svan cuisine. To prepare Chvishtari, you will need corn flour, year-old cheese, and salt to taste. Before preparing it, the cheese must be checked first to see if it is suitable for Chvishtari. A piece of cheese is first placed on a hot pan, and if the warmed cheese is stretched, it means the cheese can be used for Chvishtari. The cheese is crumbled in corn flour and kneaded like a cake. The finished balls are placed on walnut leaves, and the second batch of balls is placed on different leaves during frying. Chvishtari made with walnut leaves is considered a Svan delicacy. Chvishtari prepared with millet flour has an even more delicate taste.

28. Kakheti

29. Kakheti Kakheti is a region located in eastern Georgia, which includes the territories of the historical-geographical provinces of Kakheti, Hereti (partly), and Tusheti. This region is rich in monuments of different periods and diverse nature. Here you will find ancient settlements, distinctive temples, castle towers, beautiful forests, waterfalls, alpine lakes, vast plains, and even a radiant desert. Ancient history, interesting culture, impressive nature, and resorts make Kakheti very attractive for those who want a pleasant vacation and for travel lovers.

30. Kakheti history Traces of human life in Kakheti date back to the Stone Age. According to the discovered material, people lived permanently in the Stone Age on the territory of Kakheti. Traces of human life here must be defined between 2 million 300 thousand years and 10,000 years BC. In the II and III millennia of the IV millennium BC (Early Bronze Age) the Mtkvari-Araksi culture was widespread on the territory of Kakheti, as well as in the whole central part of the South Caucasus. Kakheti was one of the main places for the spread of Trialeti culture in the Middle Bronze Age.

31. C ulture and c uisine Culture - Kakheti is an interesting place in terms of its culture and customs. Kakhetian folklor e is noteworthy. Khakhetian folk songs Mravalzhamieri, Tsintskaro, Urmuli, Makruli, and others and well-known. "Chakrulo" was introduced to the world. As it is well known this important sample of Georgian folklore was sent into space. Tush folklore is also a part of the diversity of Kakheti region. Many public or religious holidays are celebrated in Kakheti, suc h as Alaverdoba, Iliaoba, Gremkalakoba, Erekleoba, Pirosmanoba , and others. Cuisine- Kakheti is also known for its exceptional cuisine. Meat dishes are especially popular here. Traditional dishes are Mtsvadi (barbecue) fried on tsalami, khashlama, chakafuli, chikhirtma, and others. In Tusheti, dairy products and related dishes are common with meat. Tush cuisine is famous for Khinkali, Mtsvadi, Choban (Shepherd Kaurma), Khmiadi (ritual triangular bread), Gordila, Kumeli, Kotori, Khavitsi, Mosmula, and others.

32. What to see Kakheti, with its centuries-old culture, is very rich in monuments of different periods. Here you will find ancient settlements, interesting and distinctive medieval temples, which were also important cultural and educational centers, impressive castles, Tush towers, and slate houses, etc. This region is also unique and diverse in terms of nature. There are many waterfalls and rolling lakes hidden in cool greenery in Kakheti. In this region, you will meet a completely different landscape from other regions of Georgia. Kakheti is exotic by the isolated, colorful desert and mud volcanoes of Vashlovani reserve.

33. Thanks for Attention The Presentation was made by students of 11th class LEPL Tbilisi N207 Public School: Nino Kapanadze 6. Natia chikvinidze 2. Mariam Pipia 7. Mariam Kvaratskhelia 3. Ana Miminosvili 4. Ani Datishvil i 5. Dea Katamadze 2024