Geostationary Satellite

Geo Satellite in satellite communication...

1. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITEGEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY
WAQAS AHMEDWAQAS AHMED

2. INTRODUCTION OF INTRODUCTION OF
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITEGEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
A geostationary satellite is any A geostationary satellite is any
satellite which is placed in a satellite which is placed in a
geostationary orbit. Satellites in geostationary orbit. Satellites in
geostationary orbit maintain a geostationary orbit maintain a
constant position relative to the constant position relative to the
surface of the earth. surface of the earth.
Geostationary satellites do this by Geostationary satellites do this by
orbiting the earth approximately orbiting the earth approximately
22,300 miles above the equator. This 22,300 miles above the equator. This
orbital path is called the Clarke Belt, orbital path is called the Clarke Belt,
in honor of Arthur C. Clarke.in honor of Arthur C. Clarke.

3. INTRODUCTION CONTINUEINTRODUCTION CONTINUE
In other words, if a satellite in a In other words, if a satellite in a
geostationary orbit is in a certain geostationary orbit is in a certain
place above the earth, it will stay in place above the earth, it will stay in
that same spot above the earth. Its that same spot above the earth. Its
latitude stays at zero and its latitude stays at zero and its
longitude remains constant.longitude remains constant.
Geostationary satellites are Geostationary satellites are
commonly used for communications commonly used for communications
and weather-observation.and weather-observation.

4. INTRODUCTION CONTINUEINTRODUCTION CONTINUE
The typical service life expectancy of a The typical service life expectancy of a
geostationary satellite is ten to fifteen geostationary satellite is ten to fifteen
years. years.
Because geostationary satellites circle the Because geostationary satellites circle the
earth at the equator, they are not able to earth at the equator, they are not able to
provide coverage at the Northernmost and provide coverage at the Northernmost and
Southernmost latitudes.Southernmost latitudes.
Geostationary orbits are often referred to Geostationary orbits are often referred to
as geosynchronous or just GEO.as geosynchronous or just GEO.
A geo-stationary orbit is also A geo-stationary orbit is also
sometimes called: sometimes called: stationarystationary, or , or
synchronous orbitsynchronous orbit. .

5. DIAGRAM OF GEO SATELLITEDIAGRAM OF GEO SATELLITE

6. CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)
MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)
GEO (GEOSTATIONARY GEO (GEOSTATIONARY
ORBIT)ORBIT)

7. ORBITAL ALTITUDEORBITAL ALTITUDE
LEO 500-2,000KMLEO 500-2,000KM Above the Above the
earth.earth.
MEO 8,000-20,000KMMEO 8,000-20,000KM Above Above
the earth.the earth.
GEO 35,786KMGEO 35,786KM Above the Above the
earth.earth.

8. HISTORY OF GEO ORBITHISTORY OF GEO ORBIT
The concept of the geostationary orbit has been The concept of the geostationary orbit has been
around since the early part of the twentieth century. around since the early part of the twentieth century.
The person most widely given credit for the concept The person most widely given credit for the concept
of using this orbit for communications is ARTHUR of using this orbit for communications is ARTHUR
C. CLARKE.C. CLARKE.
In an article he published in In an article he published in Wireless WorldWireless World in in
October 1945 titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can October 1945 titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can
Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?" Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?"
Clarke extrapolates from the German rocket Clarke extrapolates from the German rocket
research of the time to a day when communications research of the time to a day when communications
around the world would be possible via a network of around the world would be possible via a network of
three geostationary satellites spaced at equal three geostationary satellites spaced at equal
intervals around the earth's equator. intervals around the earth's equator.

9. GEO ORBIT DIAGRAMGEO ORBIT DIAGRAM

10. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
High coverage area.High coverage area.
Five geostationary satellites are Five geostationary satellites are
enough to cover all of the regions enough to cover all of the regions
of the Earth.of the Earth.
One ground segment is enough for One ground segment is enough for
the satellite monitoring.the satellite monitoring.
No problem with frequency No problem with frequency
changes.changes.

11. DIS-ADVANTAGESDIS-ADVANTAGES
Polar regions are not observed.Polar regions are not observed.
One big problem with Geostationary One big problem with Geostationary
satellites is that since they are always satellites is that since they are always
positioned above the equator they can't positioned above the equator they can't
see the north or south poles and are of see the north or south poles and are of
limited use for latitudes greater than limited use for latitudes greater than
60-70 degrees north or south.60-70 degrees north or south.
Weak signal after traveling over 35,000 Weak signal after traveling over 35,000
km.km.
Signal sending delay.Signal sending delay.

12. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
ARE USEFUL FOR MANY ARE USEFUL FOR MANY
APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATION:-TELECOMMUNICATION:-
World wide operational World wide operational
telecommunication systems for telecommunication systems for
telephones, TV and digitized telephones, TV and digitized
transmission lines. transmission lines.
ARMY:-ARMY:-
Alarm systems - detection of rocket Alarm systems - detection of rocket
launches. launches.
Geostationary satellites are also Geostationary satellites are also
commonly used for communications commonly used for communications
and weather-observation.and weather-observation.

13. THANK YOU!THANK YOU!