GGBS PPT

1. EFFECTS OF GGBS ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK COTTON SOIL Under the guidance of Shri. B.M. Gudadappanavar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PRESENTED BY : ABHIJEET KUMAR SINGH 2SD11CV001 AQUIB NASIR RAZI 2SD11CV009 DIBYAJYOTI SARMA 2SD11CV020 KAMLESH KUMAR 2SD11CV031 8 th Semester B.E., Civil Academic Year: 2014-2015 1

2. C ONTENTS INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WHAT IS GGBS ? METHODOLOGY CONCLUSION REFERENCES 2

3. Innovative methods of soil stabilization are in great demand all over the world. Black cotton soil which is occupying nearly 23% of the area in India is a problematic soil, available up to a depth of 3.7 meters on an average. The black cotton soil has various problems like less stability, less shear strength and large expansion & shrinkage in volume with changing seasons. These demerits obstruct construction like big infrastructure, road pavements, etc. on this soil. Ground Granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS) have puzzolanic properties and are being used in the construction industry along with cement or lime as activators. Very few researchers have done some work in the stabilization of black cotton soils using GGBS. I NTRODUCTION 3

4. Literature Review Various researchers evaluated the potential of GGBS to stabilize soil . Gyanen Takhelmayum, Savitha, Krishna Gudi (March 2013) carried out a series of test on black cotton soil with various proportions of GGBS . They concluded that addition of GGBS to black cotton soil in various percentages affects the compaction characteristic which is primarily due to alteration of gradation of soil mixtures. The increase of the maximum dry unit weight with the increase of the percentage of GGBS is mainly due to the higher specific gravity of the fine GGBS compared with expansive soil and the immediate formation of cemented products by hydration which increases the density of soil . Laxmikant Yadu and Dr. R.K. Tripathi(2013) studied the effects of GGBS in the engineering behavior of soft soil. The study and experimental results indicated that the use of GGBS had significantly improved the physical and strength properties of the soil and reduced swelling behavior of the soil. 4

5. Literature Review K V Manjunath ,Himanshu Shekhar ,Manish Kumar ,Prem Kumar and Rakesh Kumar (2012) studied and carried out test to stabilize black cotton soil using GGBS and concluded that the use of GGBS had enhanced the engineering properties of the black cotton soil and had increased the stability of the soil and Unconfined Compressive Strength had increased after the percentage addition of GGBS to the soil. Which came out to be an economical solution and partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement.

6. O BJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) on the Engineering performance of black cotton soil and to check if it can be used as a soil stabilizer. 6

7. WHAT IS GGBS ? Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product from the blast-furnaces used to make iron. These operate at a temperature of about 1,500 degrees centigrade and are fed with a carefully controlled mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone. The iron ore is reduced to iron and the remaining materials form a slag that floats on top of the iron. This slag is periodically tapped off as a molten liquid and if it is to be used for the manufacture of GGBS it has to be rapidly quenched in large volumes of water. 7 GGBS

8. 8 The quenching, optimizes the cementitious properties and produces granules similar to a coarse sand. This ‘granulated’ slag is then dried and ground to a fine powder.

9. BENEFITS OF USING GGBS The major benefits of using GGBS are: better workability, making placing and compaction easier lower early-age temperature rise, reducing the risk of thermal cracking in large pours high resistance to chloride ingress, reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion 9

10. M ETHODOLOGY In this study, we have studied the variation in properties of black cotton soil on addition of varying percentages of GGBS and the following tests were carried out:- Test on Atterberg’s Limits Grain Size Distribution Free Swell Index Maximum Dry Density Unconfined Compressive Strength California Bearing Ratio 10

11. Materials used Black cotton soil : The soil used for this study were collected from Y.S. Colony, Dharwad , Karnataka at a depth of 0.5 m. GGBS : It was procured from PWD Dharwad and they had brought it from Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Ltd in Toranagallu , Bellary, Karnataka ‎

12. P roperties of black cotton soil SOIL CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION Maximum dry density 1.396 g/cc Optimum moisture content 16% Specific gravity 2.63 UCS 220 kPa CBR (SOAKED) 2.36 % Free swelling index 60% Liquid limit 68% Plastic limit 25% Plasticity index 43% 12

13. BC SOIL + FINE GGBS LIQUID LIMIT( W L ) PLASTIC LIMIT( W P ) PLASTICITY INDEX ( I P ) 100% + 0% 68% 25% 43% 90% + 10% 75% 42.85 % 32.15% 80% + 20% 61% 42.85% 18.15% 70% + 30% 49% 42.85% 6.15% ATTERBERG’S LIMITS ( IS:2720(Part 5)-1985 ) 13 NOTE: As per MORTH specifications the plasticity index of soils to be used for embankments, subgrades, earthen shoulders and miscellaneous backfills should be less than 25.

14. PLASTICITY INDEX OF GGBS MIXES 14

15. GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION ( IS: 2720 (Part 4)-1985 ) 15 SL.NO IS SIEVE PARTICLE SIZE D(mm ) WEIGHT RETAINED(g ) PERCENT RETAINED CUMMULATIVE %RETAINED CUMMULATIVE % FINER 1 100mm 100 100 2 63mm 63 100 3 20mm 20 100 4 10mm 10 100 5 4.75mm 4.75 6 0.6 0.6 99.4 6 2mm 2 18 1.8 2.4 97.6 7 1mm 1 12 1.2 3.6 96.4 8 600micron 0.6 3.6 96.4 9 425micron 0.425 11 1.1 4.7 95.3 10 300micron 0.3 8 0.8 5.5 94.5 11 212micron 0.212 7 0.7 6.2 93.8 12 150micron 0.15 9 0.9 7.1 92.9 13 75micron 0.075 14 1.4 8.5 91.5 14 PAN <0.075 915 91.5 100

16. GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH 16

17. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS % OF GRAVEL 0.6 % OF SAND PARTICLES 7.9 % OF SILT and CLAY 91.5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION INDIAN STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION CH 17 NOTE: As per MORTH specifications any soil that classifies as OL , OH , or Pt are considered as unsuitable for the construction of embankments.

18. Free swelling index ( IS: 2720(Part 40)- 1977 ) 18 BC SOIL + GGBS FREE SWELLING INDEX(%) 100% + 0% 60 90% + 10% 40 80% + 20% 20 70% + 30% 10

19. Max dry density of BC SOIL ON ADDITION OF FINE GGBS ( IS: 2720(Part 8)- 1983 ) 19

20. BC SOIL + FINE GGBS O.M.C(%) ρ (g/cc) 100% + 0% 16 1.396 (13.63 KN/m 3 ) 90% + 10% 15 1.43 (14.03 KN/m 3 ) 80% + 20% 14 1.46 (14.32 KN/m 3 ) 70% + 30% 10 1.66 ( 16.28 KN/m 3 ) NOTE: Density requirements of Embankments and sub-grade materials as per MORTH specifications should not be less than 16 KN/m 3 20

21. U nconfined compressive strength ( IS: 2720(Part 10)- 1991 ) UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN kPa No of days of curing 7 28 BC SOIL ONLY 220 220 220 BCS + 10% GGBS 151.2 222.8 247.9 BCS + 20% GGBS 191.6 434.2 450.8 BCS + 30% GGBS 214 1712.2 1882.2 21 NOTE: Unconfined Compressive strength has increased up to 8 times that of ordinary Black Cotton Soil.

22. Strength variation on addition of ggbs 22

23. C BR Values ( IS:2720(Part 16)-1987 ) GGBS CBR (%) 0% 2.36 10% 2.67 20% 4.72 30% 14.96 23

24. CBR VALUES 24

25. COST ANALYSIS Pavement thickness 795 mm 475 mm Semi dense bituminous concrete 25 mm 25 mm Dense bituminous concrete 70 mm 50 mm Granular base 250 mm 250 mm Granular sub-base 450 mm 150 mm Estimated cost Rs 62,35,706.2 Rs 53,49,281.2 Assumptions: N= 5 msa Width of subgrade=7.5m Carriage width =3.75m Road length = 1 km WITHOUT USING GGBS USING GGBS (30%) I t is apparent that there is 14 % savings by using GGBS. PAVEMENT COMPOSITION

26. CONCLUSION MDD increased while OMC decreased with addition of GGBS to the soil. There is significant reduction in the swelling behaviour of the soil. UCS has increased up to 8 times that of ordinary Black Cotton Soil by adding 30% GGBS. CBR value has increased up to 7 times that of ordinary Black Cotton Soil by adding 30% GGBS. The blended soil meets the requirements as per MORTH specifications of subgrade. Hence GGBS can be used for the stabilization of Black Cotton Soil as it has significantly improved the geotechnical properties of Black Cotton Soil. 26

27. R EFERENCES [1 ]. GyanenTakhelmayum1, savitha.A.L2, Krishna Gudi GSS Institute of Technology, VTU “Experimental Studies on Soil Stabilization Using Fine and Coarse GGBS”, ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013 [2]. Laxmikant Yadu and Dr. R.K. Tripathi “Effects of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in the Engineering Behavior of Stabilized Soft Soil", Chemical, Civil and Mechanically Engineering tracks of third Nirma University International Conference, Procedia Engineering 51 (2013)125-131. [3]. K.V. Manjunath, Himanshu Shekhar, Manish Kumar, Prem Kumar and Rakesh Kumar “Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag”, Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARCV 2012), 21st - 23rd June 2012 387 Paper ID GET114, Vol. 1 [4].IS:2720 (PART-4)-1985, Methods of test for soils: Part 4 Grain size analysis (Second Revisions). 27

28. R EFERENCES [5].IS:2720 (PART-5)-1985, Methods of test for soils: Part 5 Determination of liquid limit and Plastic limit (Second revision). [6].IS:27270 (PART-8)-1983, Methods of test for soils: Part 8 Determination of water content-dry density relation using heavy compaction (Second Revision). [7].IS:2720 (Part-10)-1973, Methods of test for soils: Part 10 Determination of Unconfined compressive strength (First Revision). [8].IS:2720 (Part -16)-1979, Methods of test for soils: Part 16 Laboratory determination of CBR. (First revision). [9].IS:2720 (Part -40)-1977, Methods of test for soils: Part 40 Determination of free swelling index of soils. 28

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