Git bleeding.pptx all detail, causes, symptoms

Git bleeding

1. NAME : Hussnain Raza GROUP : 11 SEMESTER: 5 TH SUBJECT : THERAPY INTERNATIONAL HIGHER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

2. GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

3. Overview Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a symptom of a disorder in your digestive tract. The blood often appears in stool or vomit but isn’t always visible, though it may cause the stool to look black or tarry. The level of bleeding can range from mild to severe and can be life-threatening.

4. Symptoms Vomiting blood, which might be red or might be dark brown and resemble coffee grounds in texture
Black, tarry stool
Rectal bleeding, usually in or with stooL Lightheadedness
Difficulty breathing
Fainting
Chest pain
Abdominal pain

5. Causes Upper GI bleeding Peptic ulcer Tears in the lining of the tube that connects your throat to your stomach (esophagus ) Abnormal, enlarged veins in the esophagus (esophageal varices) Esophagitis Lower GI bleeding Diverticular disease Tumors Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colon polyps

6. Risk factors Chronic vomiting.
Alcoholism.
Medications, including but not limited to. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs); commonly used NSAIDs include. Aspirin. Ibuprofen (Advil) Naproxen (Aleve) Anticoagulants.
Gastrointestinal surgery.

7. Complications A gastrointestinal bleed can cause:
Shock
Anemia
Death

8. Prevention To help prevent a GI bleed:
Limit your use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Limit your use of alcohol.
If you smoke, quit.
If you have GERD, follow your doctor’s instructions for treating it.

9. Diagnosis Blood tests. You may need a complete blood count, a test to see how fast your blood clots, a platelet count and liver function tests. Stool tests. Analyzing your stool can help determine the cause of occult bleeding Upper endoscopy. This procedure uses a tiny camera on the end of a long tube, which is passed through your mouth to enable your doctor to examine your upper gastrointestinal tract. Imaging tests . A variety of other imaging tests, such as an abdominal CT scan, might be used to find the source of the bleed

10. Treatment Inject medicines into the bleeding site.
Treat the bleeding site and surrounding tissue with a heat probe, an electric current, or a laser.
Close affected blood vessels with a band or clip.

11. Medicines When infections or ulcers cause bleeding in your GI tract, health care professionals prescribe medicines to treat the problem Surgery When a person has severe acute bleeding or bleeding that does not stop, a surgeon may need to perform a laparoscopy or a laparotomy to stop the bleeding.

12. Clinical trials Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.

13. Pathogenesis The main inciting event in the pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is damage to mucosal injury. This mucosal injury can occur at various levels of GI tract. If the damage and bleeding is confined up to ligament of Treitz , it is defined as upper GI bleeding.