Gladiolus Flower by Yogesh Yadavvvv.pptx

All the key points about the sword lily of family iridiaceae known as Gladiolus.

1. Submitted By - Yogesh Yadav B.Sc. (Hons) Horticulture Submitted To - Dr. Sonia Singh Assistant Professor “ PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF GLADIOLUS ” Commercial Floriculture (FLA 111)

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION VARIETIES PROPAGATION PLANTING MANURES & FERTILIZERS PLANT PROTECTION PESTS DISEASES BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Types and Classification SOIL & CLIMATE FIELD PREPARATION IRRIGATION HARVESTING YIELD

3. INTRODUCTION Also called ‘ SWORD LILY ’ . Classic perennial herbaceous plant. K nown for its tall flower spikes and large, colorful blooms. Important commercial cut flower. I deal for bedding. Used for flower arrangement in bouquets, for decorations.

4. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Botanical Name – Gladiolus spp. Family – Iridaceae Chromosome No. – 2n=2x=30 Origin – South Africa The genus ‘ Gladiolus ’ contains about 300 different species.

5. varieties Pusa Shanti( A mid season variety flowers in 105 days. Florets colour is attractive and outer three tepals are in whitish group). Sunaina Warden’s signature Arka Rajini

6. SOIL & CLIMATE Well-drained, sandy loam, rich in organic matter. Ideal pH is 6.0 - 7.0. Sensitive to alkaline and degraded soils. Sub-tropical and temperate climates are suitable. Ideal temperature range is 15 – 25 degree Celsius. Requires full exposure to sunlight. Requires long day conditions of 12-14 hrs photoperiod.

7. PROPAGATION By seeds. By vegetative means (Corms & Cormels ). By micropropagation. Commercially through Corms . For breaking corm dormancy; Cold storage of corms at 3-7 °C for 3 months. Treatment with Ethereal (1000 ppm) or GA3 (100 ppm) or Thiourea (500 ppm).

8. Gladiolus Corms Gladiolus Corms with developing Cormels

9. Stages of Gladiolus Development :- Gladiolus Corms Germinated corm After four weeks

10. FIELD PREPARATION Ploughed until fine tilth is attained. Couple of cross harrowings . Levelling is done. Water stagnation is avoided. Uniform beds of size 6m x 2m are prepared.

11. PLANTING In October for Plains. In March-April for Hills. By Ridges & Furrow System. Corms are planted at depth of 5 cm. Spacing of 40 cm x 25 cm (88,888 plants/ha) or 25 cm x 25 cm (1,60,000 plants/ha) but generally we plant it at spacing of 30*30 cm .

12. Planting of Gladiolus corms at the spacing of 30 cm . On the alternate sides of ridges.

13. Intercultural operations : IRRIGATION At 7-10 day intervals in Sandy soils. Less frequently intervals in Heavy soils. Stopped at least 4-6 weeks before lifting of corms.

14. Earthing up: Usually gladiolus corm need 12-15 days for sprouting Initial few days the corm should not be disturbed except the removal of the initial weeds.
Once the plant attain to a height of about 15-20 cm a light earthing up should be provided from both side of the row.
At this stage if the weather is dry amount of water to be applied.
Occasionally the weeds should be removed and the soil should be loosened with the help of a fork.
When the plant will be a 5-6 leaf stage the second earthing up should be done. Staking : At 5-6 leaf stage, the plant should be stake with the help of a bamboo stick.
During staking care should be taken to avoid any damage to the underground corm and cormels.

15. Staking up of Gladiolus plant to prevent it from logding

16. MANURES & FERTILIZERS BASAL DOSE – Nitrogen – 60 kg/ha Phosphorus – 150 kg/ha Potassium – 150 kg/ha TOP-DRESSING – Nitrogen in two split doses; 30 kg/ha at 4 leaf stage as foliar spray. 30 kg/ha during bud stage as soil application.

17. PLANT PROTECTION ( PESTS ) THRIPS – Spray Dimethoate 30EC or Malathion 50EC @ 2 ml/l of water. SEMI-LOOPER – Spray Methyl Demeton 25EC or Monocrotophos or Dimethoate 30EC @ 2 ml/l of water.

18. PLANT PROTECTION ( DISEASES ) LEAF SPOT – Foliar spray of Carbendazim @ 1 g/l or Mancozeb @ 2 g/l of water. SPONGY ROT – Foliar application of Benomyl @ 1 kg/ha .

19. HARVESTING Takes 110 – 120 days to produce spikes. While harvesting, at least four basal leaves are retained on the plant for the proper growth of corms and cormel s. Harvesting of flower spikes: For local market gladiolus is harvested when the lower most pair of floret is fully opened.
For distant market harvesting is usually done when the lower most pair of floret has just shown the colour.
For local market harvesting is usually done in morning hours. Immediately after harvesting the spike should be kept in a bucket of a plain water .

20. YIELD 2.0 – 2.5 lakh flower stalks/ha/crop.

21. REFERENCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiolus https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_flower%20crops_gladioli.html THANK YOU