Glaucoma

this is a topic from msn -II and can be assessable to all the students of nursing of gnm 2nd yr. and bsc. third yr
it contain definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manefestation, diagnostic evaluation, and complete management

1. GLAUCOMA DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

2. Learning Objectives: At the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Understand the disease aspect of Glaucoma. Be able to identify and manage the clinical manifestations of glaucoma. Be able to administer nursing care to clients with Glaucoma

3. Definition It’s a ocular condition characterised by optic nerve damage because of increased intraocular pressure caused by congestion of aqueous humor in the eye .

4. Incidence 40 years of age men >women African and American race

5. Risk Factors for Glaucoma • Family history of glaucoma • African American race • Older age • Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Migraine syndromes Nearsightedness (myopia) Eye trauma Prolonged use of topical or systemic corticosteroids

6. Cardiovascular disease Migraine syndromes Nearsightedness (myopia) Eye trauma Prolonged use of topical or systemic corticosteroids

7. TYPES OF Glaucoma There are two types of glaucoma Primary Secondary Open angle angle closure

8. Primary glaucoma –etiology Family history African and american race Older age Diabetes Mellitus Cardiovascular disease

9. Migrane syndrome Near sightedness Eye trauma Prolonged use of topical (or) systemic corticosteriod

10. Secondary glaucoma -etiology Trauma Intra occular or periorbital neoplasm Iris neovascularisation ( New blood vessel growth ) Other occular and systemic disorders .

11. Pathophysiology Due to causes Alteration in the Aquous humor outflow system ( structural alteration ) Increased I.O.P or Impaired blood flow (functional alteration) Optic nerve damage (because of loss of nerve fibres and blood supply ) Visual loss

12. Sign and symptoms Asymptomatic Blurred vision Difficulty in focusing Loss of peripheral vision Discomfort around the eyes Headache

13. Diagnostic evaluation History taking Physical Examination Tonometry Opthalmoscopy Goniomscope

14. MANAGEMENT Miotics Adrenergic agonists B-Blockers Alpa adrenergic blockers Carbonic anhydrase Prostaglandin analogues

15. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Laser trabeculoplasty Filtering procedures Laser iridotomy Trabeculectomy Drainage implants or shunts

16. N ursing management

17. Impaired visual perception Risk for injury Ineffective coping Ineffective therapeutic regimen Knowledge deficit regarding therapeutic regimen

18. Summary So far we have discussed about definition, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation and managements of glaucoma

19. Bibliography Lewis et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Mosby Elsevier,7 th edition. Joyce.M.Black et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Saunders publication. Brunner and Siddhartha, Medical Surgical Nursing, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

20. Thank you